ATP-302 Quiz 3 (Elbow, Wrist, & Hand)
Boutonniere deformity
-Avulsion or rupture of extensor digitorum tendon -Extension of MCP and DIP joints and flexion of PIP joint
Mallet finger
-Avulsion or rupture of the extensor digitorum tendon -Inability to actively extend DIP
Jersey Finger
-Avulsion or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon -Inability to actively flex DIP
Humeroradial joint allows for what degree(s) of freedom?
-Flexion and extension -Pronation and supination
Capitulum
-Forms the lateral humeral articulating surface on the distal border of the lateral epicondyle -Unlike the trochlea, it does not extend to posterior aspect of humerus -Dome-shaped landmark that is separated from the trochlea by the trochlear groove
Radial fossa
-Indentation in the lateral epicondyle that accepts radial head during elbow flexion -Located immediately above capitulum
Lister's tubercle
-Small protuberance that projects off the dorsal surface of the distal radius -Serves as a fulcrum and pulley for the extensor pollicis longus
The ulnar coronoid process is received by the ______ ___________ of the humerus during elbow flexion
Coronoid fossa
Distal border of the semilunar notch is formed by what?
Coronoid process
Flexors of the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis, palmaris longus
The pisiform acts as an attachment site for which muscle?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Serves as a stabilizer against axial forces applied to the wrist
Interosseous membrane
Name the carpal bones from proximal to distal
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezius, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Indentation lined with articular cartilage that fits snugly around the humeral trochlea
Semilunar notch
Bursa located between the olecranon process and the skin; susceptible to trauma and infection
Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
Bursa located between the tendon of triceps brachii and olecranon process; may become inflammed secondary to repetitive stresses applied to joint
Subtendinous olecranon bursa
Humeroulnar articulation allows for what degree(s) of freedom?
Flexion and extension
The lumbricals sprout from the sides of the tendons of which muscle?
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Colles fracture
Fx of the distal radius
Reverse Colles fracture
Fx where the distal radius is displaced palmarly
A hook-shaped protuberance is the distinct landmark used to isolate which carpal?
Hamate
What structures form the Tunnel of Guyon?
Hamate, pisiform, ulnar nerve
Forearm supination and pronation occur at what joints?
Humeroradial, superior radioulnar, and inferior radioulnar joints
Elbow flexion and extension occur at what joints?
Humeroulnar and humeroradial joints
Elbow relies on integrity of the following articulations to function properly:
Humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, proximal radioulnar joint, distal radioulnar joint
The elbow is comprised of what joints?
Humeroulnar, humeroradial
What eminence is located along the ulnar side of the palm?
Hypothenar
The radial notch accepts the radial head to form what joint?
Proximal radioulnar joint
What are the components of the forearm?
Volar, dorsal, carpal tunnel
Malunion fracture
When bone improperly heals
Nonunion fracture
When the bone does not unite again
Normal ROM for flexion
145 to 155 degrees
Distal end of humerus is anteriorly rotated _____ relative to humeral shaft
30 degrees
Normal ROM for pronation and supination
90 degrees
What structures make up the anatomical snuffbox?
Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
Fibrosseous structure that permits internal and external rotation of the radial head on the capitulum of the humerus
Annular ligament
The head of the radius is stabilized by what ligament?
Annular ligament
What are the bundles of the UCL?
Anterior, transverse, posterior
What tissue is located on the border of the proximal radius to allow it to rotate on the ulna?
Articular cartilage
Insertion site for the biceps brachii that is found distal to the radial head
Bicipital tuberosity (radial tuberosity)
Elbow relies on what structures for support?
Bony configuration, ligamentous structure
What muscle runs the length of the forearm but does not cross the wrist joint?
Brachioradialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus each have 4 thin tendons that pass through which anatomical structure?
Carpal tunnel
Joint formed by an articular disk between the radius and ulna where the concave ulnar notch of the radius articulates with the convex region of the ulna
Distal radioulnar joint
Extensors of the wrist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis/longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum communis
Which carpal bone is listed directly inferior to the lister's tubercle?
Scaphoid
Most important lateral stabilizing structure, as it provides support of the ulna that is independent of the other lateral ligaments
Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament (LUCL)
Most commonly dislocated carpal bone
Lunate
What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve
Components of the carpal tunnel
Median nerve, flexor pollicis longus, 4 flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis
The proper name for a "knuckle" joint is what?
Metacarpophalangeal joint
The olecranon process is a projection that fits into the humeral _________ ________ during complete extension of the elbow
Olecranon fossa
Proximal border of the ulna is formed by what?
Olecranon process
Degree of freedom for the radioulnar joints
Pronation and supination
Joint formed by the convex radial head and concave radial notch of the ulna
Proximal radioulnar joint
Thickened area in the lateral joint capsule b/w the lateral epicondyle and annular ligament that resists varus stresses and assists in maintaining close relationship between humeral and radial articulating surfaces
Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL)
What structures make up the cubital fossa?
Radial artery, median nerve, brachial artery, ulnar artery, musculocutaneous nerve, brachioradialis (lateral border), pronator teres (medial border)
Ligaments of the lateral elbow
Radial collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament, annular collateral ligament
Disk shaped and concave structure that allows gliding and rotation on the capitulum, significantly enhancing elbow's stability
Radial head
Indentation found lateral and slightly distal to the coronoid process
Radial notch
Triangular structure that broadens medially and laterally at its distal end
Radial shaft
Projects off lateral border of the distal radius
Radial styloid process
Function of the Triangular Fibrocartilaginous Complex (TFCC)
Remove stresses imposed on forearm during loading by extending radiocarpal articulation, stabilize end ranges of flexion and extension
Pseudoboutonniere deformity
Rupture of the volar plate
What carpal bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?
Scaphoid
What eminence is located at the thumb's base?
Thenar
Which bone articulates with the 1st metacarpal and is the source of the thumb's unique movements?
Trapezium
Ligament providing valgus support to the medial elbow
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)