ATP-302 Quiz 3 (Elbow, Wrist, & Hand)

Boutonniere deformity

-Avulsion or rupture of extensor digitorum tendon -Extension of MCP and DIP joints and flexion of PIP joint

Mallet finger

-Avulsion or rupture of the extensor digitorum tendon -Inability to actively extend DIP

Jersey Finger

-Avulsion or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon -Inability to actively flex DIP

Humeroradial joint allows for what degree(s) of freedom?

-Flexion and extension -Pronation and supination

Capitulum

-Forms the lateral humeral articulating surface on the distal border of the lateral epicondyle -Unlike the trochlea, it does not extend to posterior aspect of humerus -Dome-shaped landmark that is separated from the trochlea by the trochlear groove

Radial fossa

-Indentation in the lateral epicondyle that accepts radial head during elbow flexion -Located immediately above capitulum

Lister's tubercle

-Small protuberance that projects off the dorsal surface of the distal radius -Serves as a fulcrum and pulley for the extensor pollicis longus

The ulnar coronoid process is received by the ______ ___________ of the humerus during elbow flexion

Coronoid fossa

Distal border of the semilunar notch is formed by what?

Coronoid process

Flexors of the wrist

Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis, palmaris longus

The pisiform acts as an attachment site for which muscle?

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Serves as a stabilizer against axial forces applied to the wrist

Interosseous membrane

Name the carpal bones from proximal to distal

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezius, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Indentation lined with articular cartilage that fits snugly around the humeral trochlea

Semilunar notch

Bursa located between the olecranon process and the skin; susceptible to trauma and infection

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Bursa located between the tendon of triceps brachii and olecranon process; may become inflammed secondary to repetitive stresses applied to joint

Subtendinous olecranon bursa

Humeroulnar articulation allows for what degree(s) of freedom?

Flexion and extension

The lumbricals sprout from the sides of the tendons of which muscle?

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Colles fracture

Fx of the distal radius

Reverse Colles fracture

Fx where the distal radius is displaced palmarly

A hook-shaped protuberance is the distinct landmark used to isolate which carpal?

Hamate

What structures form the Tunnel of Guyon?

Hamate, pisiform, ulnar nerve

Forearm supination and pronation occur at what joints?

Humeroradial, superior radioulnar, and inferior radioulnar joints

Elbow flexion and extension occur at what joints?

Humeroulnar and humeroradial joints

Elbow relies on integrity of the following articulations to function properly:

Humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, proximal radioulnar joint, distal radioulnar joint

The elbow is comprised of what joints?

Humeroulnar, humeroradial

What eminence is located along the ulnar side of the palm?

Hypothenar

The radial notch accepts the radial head to form what joint?

Proximal radioulnar joint

What are the components of the forearm?

Volar, dorsal, carpal tunnel

Malunion fracture

When bone improperly heals

Nonunion fracture

When the bone does not unite again

Normal ROM for flexion

145 to 155 degrees

Distal end of humerus is anteriorly rotated _____ relative to humeral shaft

30 degrees

Normal ROM for pronation and supination

90 degrees

What structures make up the anatomical snuffbox?

Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus

Fibrosseous structure that permits internal and external rotation of the radial head on the capitulum of the humerus

Annular ligament

The head of the radius is stabilized by what ligament?

Annular ligament

What are the bundles of the UCL?

Anterior, transverse, posterior

What tissue is located on the border of the proximal radius to allow it to rotate on the ulna?

Articular cartilage

Insertion site for the biceps brachii that is found distal to the radial head

Bicipital tuberosity (radial tuberosity)

Elbow relies on what structures for support?

Bony configuration, ligamentous structure

What muscle runs the length of the forearm but does not cross the wrist joint?

Brachioradialis

Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus each have 4 thin tendons that pass through which anatomical structure?

Carpal tunnel

Joint formed by an articular disk between the radius and ulna where the concave ulnar notch of the radius articulates with the convex region of the ulna

Distal radioulnar joint

Extensors of the wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis/longus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum communis

Which carpal bone is listed directly inferior to the lister's tubercle?

Scaphoid

Most important lateral stabilizing structure, as it provides support of the ulna that is independent of the other lateral ligaments

Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament (LUCL)

Most commonly dislocated carpal bone

Lunate

What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?

Median nerve

Components of the carpal tunnel

Median nerve, flexor pollicis longus, 4 flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis

The proper name for a "knuckle" joint is what?

Metacarpophalangeal joint

The olecranon process is a projection that fits into the humeral _________ ________ during complete extension of the elbow

Olecranon fossa

Proximal border of the ulna is formed by what?

Olecranon process

Degree of freedom for the radioulnar joints

Pronation and supination

Joint formed by the convex radial head and concave radial notch of the ulna

Proximal radioulnar joint

Thickened area in the lateral joint capsule b/w the lateral epicondyle and annular ligament that resists varus stresses and assists in maintaining close relationship between humeral and radial articulating surfaces

Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL)

What structures make up the cubital fossa?

Radial artery, median nerve, brachial artery, ulnar artery, musculocutaneous nerve, brachioradialis (lateral border), pronator teres (medial border)

Ligaments of the lateral elbow

Radial collateral ligament, lateral ulnar collateral ligament, annular collateral ligament

Disk shaped and concave structure that allows gliding and rotation on the capitulum, significantly enhancing elbow's stability

Radial head

Indentation found lateral and slightly distal to the coronoid process

Radial notch

Triangular structure that broadens medially and laterally at its distal end

Radial shaft

Projects off lateral border of the distal radius

Radial styloid process

Function of the Triangular Fibrocartilaginous Complex (TFCC)

Remove stresses imposed on forearm during loading by extending radiocarpal articulation, stabilize end ranges of flexion and extension

Pseudoboutonniere deformity

Rupture of the volar plate

What carpal bone forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

Scaphoid

What eminence is located at the thumb's base?

Thenar

Which bone articulates with the 1st metacarpal and is the source of the thumb's unique movements?

Trapezium

Ligament providing valgus support to the medial elbow

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)