Austrian Art Nouveau
Early Modernism
Adolf Loos, Steiner House, Vienna, 1910 Geometrical structure absence of ornament (geometrical pattern) Solid space Void Space windows with no eyebrows Adolf Loos wrote Ornament (as) Crime, 1910 -The evolution of culture marches with the eliminating of ornament form useful objects -The immorality of ornament, it is degenerate, and its suppression is necessary for regulating modern society -Two examples: graffiti and tattooing
Otto Wagner
Architect working in both the Jugendstil style and later the Wiener Werkstatte style Lecturer in Architecture His Textbook: Modern Architecture He called for the use of new materials like glass and aluminum. Also interested in urban planning. In 1890 he designed a new city for Vienna; his organic pattern Sunflower as the organic pattern of natural geometrically idealized. The Karlsplatz Station Vienna 1898 -Simple Geometrical structure: rectangular cube -Mounted by circular arch -symmetrical -applied ornament -geometricized organic patters Applied ornament: decorative effects applied onto a surface or structure Majolica House, Vienna, 1899 -Applied ornament 1897 -Otto Wagner and the other designers formed the "Vienna Secession" artistic group -Called the new style Secessionstil
Wiener Werkstatte or Viennese Workshops
In 1903 the same group of artists and designers who were showing in the Secession building in the Secessionstil, joined together to make the Werkstatte Josef Hoffman, one of the major theorist for the Wiener Werkstatte -Avoid natural/organic patterns derived from nature -Called for "geometrical ornament." Otto Wagner, Postal Savings Bank, Vienna, 1906 - marble blocks with iron bolts capped with aluminum: squares, circles -Geometrical ornament -Repetitions -And part-to-whole comparisons --small squares create large scales -Minimalistic -Focus on Geometry -New materials such as glass and aluminum -aluminum grid structures and posts -glass used in skylight and floor tiles -Two types of rhythms for geometrical patters: --1. Repetition --2. Part to whole comparison Geometrical patterns instead of natural minimalsit
Secessionstil
Journal called Ver Sacrum to discuss their ideas Secession Building -Josef-Maria Olbrich, Vienna 1898 -Manifesto of the new style -It would exist to dsiplay space for the presentation of art and design works and as a site for performances of music and poetry reading -The Secessionstil artists were striving toward combining all the arts together: music, poetry, sculpture, painting, architecture -Designed to be a manifesto and an exhibition hall - geometrical structure -Applied ornament -An open dome -Metal working -To every age its art and to art, its freedom - Three masks represent the architectural, sculptural -Reference to the owl the symbols of Pallas -Tile work, painting, metal work, sculpture -Metal work to tile -three-dimensional to one-dimensional -Color to black and white Music/ Performance April - June 1902 Gustav Mahler: Beethoven's 9th Symphony, "Ode to Joy" Max Klinger, Klimt, Beethoven Frieze, 1902 in Secession Building -112 feet long -painted directly on wall -Music into painting: Chorus -floating images: musical sounds -white color: silence
Jugendstil
Otto Wagner Jugendstil = German for "youth style" Youth Art
Austrian Art Nouveau
Otto Wagner - Jugendstil to Wiener Werkstatte Secessionstil - Josef Maria Olbrich Wiener Werkstatte - Otto Wagner, Josef Hoffmann, Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser Early Modernism-
Koloman Moser
Purkersdorf Chair, 1901 -Rythms for Geometrical ornament -Repetition -Part to whole comparison -stitching ornament Koloman Moser, Ladies writing desk, 1903
Gesamtkunstwerk:
Total work of art -Otto Wagner, Postal Savings Bank, Interior, chair, 1906 -Manufactured by the Thonet brothers -Steam-formed bentwood with applied aluminum strips, bolts, feet Josef Hoffman, Palais Stoclet, Brussels, 1905 - 1911 -Applied ornament -Stitching Ornament -Geometrical patterns as edging and framing -Total work of art -Geometrical Ornament Gustav Klimt, Tree of Life mural, Palais Stoclet, Brussels, 1909 - Rhythms for "geometrical ornament" repetition, part/whole comparison Josef Hoffmann, Purkersdorf Sanatorium, Vienna, 1906 -Sanatorium: treatment of tuberculosis -geometrical structure/pattern -Ornament -Black and white squares -Stitching ornament Hoffmann, Purkersdor chair, 1906 - Repetition -part/whole comparison -rhythms Hoffmann, Sitting Machine, designed for Purkersdorf Sanatorium, Vienna, 1908 -Geometrical ornament -Rythms -Repetition -Part to whole Comparison