AUXO/electro Test 3

API/Specific Gravity

(not done on Navy sourced fuels) weight of volume of fuel v weight of equal volume of water at 60°F No min or max value

FM pressure

150 degrees

Explain FM Vertical Loop

2 firemain in oblique plane upper = DC deck, low as possible

Explain FM Composite

2 firemains on DC deck separated athwartship

Explain FM Horizontal Loop

2 single firemains on DC deck, separated

Last storage tank (according to SNOK) will be filled to

95% at sea 80% in port 85% for hurricanes

Transferring from Stores to Service

Align system storage > pump > heater > purifier > service tank

Storage Tanks' alarms go off

At 95% full of last storage tank during refill

PMS of Corrosion

Attention to wet, humid areas, such as machinery spaces and fan rooms, when inspecting interior compartments Structured by MIP 6300/S-1

NEURS (Navy Energy Usage Reporting System)

Beginning and ending inventory Quantity received, transferred, used Submitted each month & when chopping fleets

Prior to and during fuel transfer

Beginning, middle, and end of receiving Every 15 minutes between beginning, middle, or end test need to test via clear and bright only Start filling storage tank, run up purifier, sample required 5 min after start & every 30 min after

Test Viscosity

Below 70- discontinue use of equipment Btwn 70-74- system operated w/ efforts to correct

Firemain Piping

Branch lines (5-8" diameter) distribute seawater from main to service

Prior to and during transfer Order of tests on fuel

Clear and Bright, Flash Pt, then BS&W

Emergency fuels

Commercial MGO or AGTM D975 Grades 2D available (flash pt >60°C)

Transfer from Storage to Storage

Continually get samples to test fuel

Corrosion Control

Corrosion resistant material Environmental controls Coatings: most common Cathodic protection

Fire Station Components

Cut out valve: isolate fire station from others Y-gate: splits the water stream to more than one hose Spanner wrenches: two per station, tightens hoses to connections

Valve types

Cutout, Check, Pressure Regulating, Relief

F/O Piping

Direct fuel from deck to fuel storage tanks Pipe systems are carbon steel Flange shields throughout system to capture any spray from joints

Align Eductor

Ensure eductor suction valve shut Ensure gauge cutout valves are open Open overboard discharge valve Open firemain actuating valve On verification of a vacuum, open eductor suction valve Align desired space/system for dewatering IAW EOP (Discharge > Firemain > Suction)

DIVO plant safety responsibilities

Ensure that only NAVSEA approved, in space storage lockers are used and labeled correctly No more than 7 day supply is stored in spaces Quarterly training for HAZMAT personnel Turn in of used or excess HAZMAT Schedule HAZMAT training

Primary fuel

F76

Fuel Oil Service Tanks

Filled from the F/O fill and transfer system Only one service tank used at a time, 2 tanks total Use the online tank until it is 50% full (SNOK), then put standby tank online

Functions of F/O Transfer System

Filling storage tanks (transfer pump is not used) Transferring fuel between storage tanks Transferring fuel from storage tanks to service tanks Providing fuel to other ships or defueling storage tanks

F/O Coalescer

Filter out solid particles contamination and remove water in 2 successive stages

Function of Fuel Oil Service System

Fuel from service tank to ship propulsion Service tanks are filled by the fuel transfer system

F/O GTM Head Tank

Fuel is contained here for continued operation of GTG's or GTM's during a casualty Constantly filled, overflow to suction side of pump

F/O Head Tank

Fuel is stored here for continued operation of generators during causality

System Safety Requirements

Fuel oil temperature below fuel flashpoint Spray suppression in weak areas Monitor tank levels Fuel and ignition sources separate

Valves permit

Isolation of the pumps from the sea Isolation of the firemain for damage control purposes Permit pump maintenance

Substitute fuels

JP5 or F75 (use fuel within 6 weeks) (flash pt >60°C)

Fuel Sampling

Line, Sounding, Bottom, All levels

Auxiliary Systems for FM

Magazine sprinklers Decontamination showers Ballasting

System Design Characteristics

Maintain constant pressure Conduct maintenance w/o system shutdown Maintain quality fuel

F/O Unloader Valve

Maintains system pressure Pneumatically controlled, manual bypass Fails closed upon loss of LP air, to create higher back pressure Maintain 40 to 65 psi

Purpose of FOQM

Monitor the quality and quantity of fuel onboard

Receipt of fuel

Not required for Navy or NATO stock Transfer ship responsible for fuel quality

Line Sampling

Obtained from location within the fuel system while fuel is flowing Monitor for water or sediment Purifier sample: self cleaning or manual type

Preservation Techniques

Plan preservation understanding of the long range weather forecast Freshwater wash down

Manual Valve Hydraulic Control Stations

Provide a means of remotely controlling miscellaneous valves in the firemain, seawater service, and drainage systems

Firemain components

Pumps (Electric motor, steam turbine) Pipes (cross-connections, risers, branches) Valves (cutout, check, pressure regulating, relief)

F/O Heater

Raises fuel oil temp to maintain viscosity and purify Shell and U type design Bypass when using JP5 (bc cleaner fuel/more distilled fuel)

Design Features

Reliability, redundancy, remote operation

F/O Pre Filter

Removes most solid contaminants from fuel

Prior to and during use of fuel

Service tanks tested prior to placing on suction within 1 hour for boilers or 8 hours for diesel/gas 5 min after service tank placed on suction or after being placed on stdby take sample for CCFD test FWD <40PPM CFD<2.64 mg/L

Firemain Types

Single Main Horizontal Loop Vertical Loop Composite

Fire Pump

Single stage centrifugal pump 500 to 2,000 gallons/minute at 150psi

CFD (Contaminated Fuel Detector)

Solid particles are retained on Millipore filter paper Paper used to indicate fuel coloration 2.64 ml/L for F76 2.0 mg/L for JP5

F/O Filtration

Steam: strainers to remove solids Gas turbine: centrifugal purifiers Diesel engine: purifiers, older ships have filter/separators

Drainage Systems Components

Suction piping, eductors, discharge piping, valves, manifold, valves position

NAVIFLASH

Tests flashpoint of new fuel

F/O Service Pump

Vertical screw positive displacement pump Two speed: Slow/fast

FWD (Free Water Detector)

Water present reacts with indicator to produce compound that glows under UV light More water = brighter fluorescence 40 ppm: F76 10 ppm: JP5

Expansion Tank

Where seawater comes in

Suction & Return Valves

Work in conjunction Remote operated or manual operation on equipment

Explain Clear

absence of visible particulate matter

Explain Bright

absence of visible suspended water

Color

age = oxygen-catalyzed sludge

Ash content

amount of noncombustible material present Before combustion: clog filters/separators, seizure in diesel injector pumps

Carbon residue

amount of residue present after fuel has been burned

Pitting

anode do not move across surface

What happens when you open an eductor?

asphyxiation & flooding the space

F/O Valves

bank fill, flow limiting, equalizing

How do you categorize fuel

by where it came from

F/O Purifier

centrifugal to separate particulate matter

Describe Environmental controls as a corrosion control

closed loop systems difficult

More paraffin wax =

cloud early = higher pour point

Filling a Tank

consolidated to reduce free surface (affects ship stability) Consolidated to speed up the refueling process

Uniform

corrosion that is even over the entire surface of an area

Bimetallic

dissimilar metals

Sulphur Content

during combustion, Sulphur containing compounds may convert to sulfur dioxide damaging the internal components of engines

fuel or ballast tanks

empty fuel tank may ballast but limited to particular tanks

Describe Corrosion resistant material as a corrosion control

expensive lack strength

Pressure Regulating valve

firemain pressure increase, bc low demand from services

Fuel Characteristics

flash pt, auto ignition temp, pour pt, cloud pt, storage stability, color, appearance, API/Specific gravity, cetane number, viscosity, demulsibility, etc.

Demulsibility

fuel separate from water

Trace Metals

high levels of sodium, potassium, lead or calcium corrode blades and vanes in gas turbines

Cetane Number

ignition quality of diesel fuels Not required for gas turbines or boilers

Cutout valve

isolate portions of firemain

Describe Cathodic Protection as a corrosion control

last method

Explain FM Single Main

little damage survivability, fore and aft centerline

Flash point

low temp w/ enough vapor liquid will ignite 140 degrees

Fire point

lowest temp at which vapors are present above liquid to sustain combustion

Discharge Types

main, secondary, gravity

Seawater compensated tanks

more efficient, preserve stability, fuel and seawater have differing gravities pushing seawater out as fuel enters tank

Describe coatings as a corrosion control

most common epoxy, primer, paint

F/O Pump Logics

pressure set or less> cycle to fast speed pressure drops> pump will shut off because it will recognize there is a leak present

Check valve

prevent back flow in pipes

Relief valve

protect equipment in the event of failure

Primary function of FM

pump seawater to fire hose stations

Wicking

rags soaked in fuel

Storage stability

resistance of fuel to formation of degrading products (sludge), gov't tested for 36 months before given to the Navy

Viscosity

resistance to flow (high = slow) measured in Centistokes

Main discharge

single main or loop main spaces suction piping for std hard suction

secondary (aux spaces) discharge

smaller than main spaces for spaces fore and aft of main spaces low capacity eductors, independent of main drainage

F/O Transfer pump

store fuel Positive displacement Internal relief valve discharges to pump suction

Secondary function of FM

supply water for flushing, emergency drainage, backup SWS, cooling systems

Pour point

temp at which fuel will no longer flow 30 degrees for F76 21 degrees for JP5

Cloud point

temp at which paraffin wax solidifies, fuel becomes cloudy/hazy wax building a barrier between metal and fuel, clog pre filters