AUXO/electro Test 3
API/Specific Gravity
(not done on Navy sourced fuels) weight of volume of fuel v weight of equal volume of water at 60°F No min or max value
FM pressure
150 degrees
Explain FM Vertical Loop
2 firemain in oblique plane upper = DC deck, low as possible
Explain FM Composite
2 firemains on DC deck separated athwartship
Explain FM Horizontal Loop
2 single firemains on DC deck, separated
Last storage tank (according to SNOK) will be filled to
95% at sea 80% in port 85% for hurricanes
Transferring from Stores to Service
Align system storage > pump > heater > purifier > service tank
Storage Tanks' alarms go off
At 95% full of last storage tank during refill
PMS of Corrosion
Attention to wet, humid areas, such as machinery spaces and fan rooms, when inspecting interior compartments Structured by MIP 6300/S-1
NEURS (Navy Energy Usage Reporting System)
Beginning and ending inventory Quantity received, transferred, used Submitted each month & when chopping fleets
Prior to and during fuel transfer
Beginning, middle, and end of receiving Every 15 minutes between beginning, middle, or end test need to test via clear and bright only Start filling storage tank, run up purifier, sample required 5 min after start & every 30 min after
Test Viscosity
Below 70- discontinue use of equipment Btwn 70-74- system operated w/ efforts to correct
Firemain Piping
Branch lines (5-8" diameter) distribute seawater from main to service
Prior to and during transfer Order of tests on fuel
Clear and Bright, Flash Pt, then BS&W
Emergency fuels
Commercial MGO or AGTM D975 Grades 2D available (flash pt >60°C)
Transfer from Storage to Storage
Continually get samples to test fuel
Corrosion Control
Corrosion resistant material Environmental controls Coatings: most common Cathodic protection
Fire Station Components
Cut out valve: isolate fire station from others Y-gate: splits the water stream to more than one hose Spanner wrenches: two per station, tightens hoses to connections
Valve types
Cutout, Check, Pressure Regulating, Relief
F/O Piping
Direct fuel from deck to fuel storage tanks Pipe systems are carbon steel Flange shields throughout system to capture any spray from joints
Align Eductor
Ensure eductor suction valve shut Ensure gauge cutout valves are open Open overboard discharge valve Open firemain actuating valve On verification of a vacuum, open eductor suction valve Align desired space/system for dewatering IAW EOP (Discharge > Firemain > Suction)
DIVO plant safety responsibilities
Ensure that only NAVSEA approved, in space storage lockers are used and labeled correctly No more than 7 day supply is stored in spaces Quarterly training for HAZMAT personnel Turn in of used or excess HAZMAT Schedule HAZMAT training
Primary fuel
F76
Fuel Oil Service Tanks
Filled from the F/O fill and transfer system Only one service tank used at a time, 2 tanks total Use the online tank until it is 50% full (SNOK), then put standby tank online
Functions of F/O Transfer System
Filling storage tanks (transfer pump is not used) Transferring fuel between storage tanks Transferring fuel from storage tanks to service tanks Providing fuel to other ships or defueling storage tanks
F/O Coalescer
Filter out solid particles contamination and remove water in 2 successive stages
Function of Fuel Oil Service System
Fuel from service tank to ship propulsion Service tanks are filled by the fuel transfer system
F/O GTM Head Tank
Fuel is contained here for continued operation of GTG's or GTM's during a casualty Constantly filled, overflow to suction side of pump
F/O Head Tank
Fuel is stored here for continued operation of generators during causality
System Safety Requirements
Fuel oil temperature below fuel flashpoint Spray suppression in weak areas Monitor tank levels Fuel and ignition sources separate
Valves permit
Isolation of the pumps from the sea Isolation of the firemain for damage control purposes Permit pump maintenance
Substitute fuels
JP5 or F75 (use fuel within 6 weeks) (flash pt >60°C)
Fuel Sampling
Line, Sounding, Bottom, All levels
Auxiliary Systems for FM
Magazine sprinklers Decontamination showers Ballasting
System Design Characteristics
Maintain constant pressure Conduct maintenance w/o system shutdown Maintain quality fuel
F/O Unloader Valve
Maintains system pressure Pneumatically controlled, manual bypass Fails closed upon loss of LP air, to create higher back pressure Maintain 40 to 65 psi
Purpose of FOQM
Monitor the quality and quantity of fuel onboard
Receipt of fuel
Not required for Navy or NATO stock Transfer ship responsible for fuel quality
Line Sampling
Obtained from location within the fuel system while fuel is flowing Monitor for water or sediment Purifier sample: self cleaning or manual type
Preservation Techniques
Plan preservation understanding of the long range weather forecast Freshwater wash down
Manual Valve Hydraulic Control Stations
Provide a means of remotely controlling miscellaneous valves in the firemain, seawater service, and drainage systems
Firemain components
Pumps (Electric motor, steam turbine) Pipes (cross-connections, risers, branches) Valves (cutout, check, pressure regulating, relief)
F/O Heater
Raises fuel oil temp to maintain viscosity and purify Shell and U type design Bypass when using JP5 (bc cleaner fuel/more distilled fuel)
Design Features
Reliability, redundancy, remote operation
F/O Pre Filter
Removes most solid contaminants from fuel
Prior to and during use of fuel
Service tanks tested prior to placing on suction within 1 hour for boilers or 8 hours for diesel/gas 5 min after service tank placed on suction or after being placed on stdby take sample for CCFD test FWD <40PPM CFD<2.64 mg/L
Firemain Types
Single Main Horizontal Loop Vertical Loop Composite
Fire Pump
Single stage centrifugal pump 500 to 2,000 gallons/minute at 150psi
CFD (Contaminated Fuel Detector)
Solid particles are retained on Millipore filter paper Paper used to indicate fuel coloration 2.64 ml/L for F76 2.0 mg/L for JP5
F/O Filtration
Steam: strainers to remove solids Gas turbine: centrifugal purifiers Diesel engine: purifiers, older ships have filter/separators
Drainage Systems Components
Suction piping, eductors, discharge piping, valves, manifold, valves position
NAVIFLASH
Tests flashpoint of new fuel
F/O Service Pump
Vertical screw positive displacement pump Two speed: Slow/fast
FWD (Free Water Detector)
Water present reacts with indicator to produce compound that glows under UV light More water = brighter fluorescence 40 ppm: F76 10 ppm: JP5
Expansion Tank
Where seawater comes in
Suction & Return Valves
Work in conjunction Remote operated or manual operation on equipment
Explain Clear
absence of visible particulate matter
Explain Bright
absence of visible suspended water
Color
age = oxygen-catalyzed sludge
Ash content
amount of noncombustible material present Before combustion: clog filters/separators, seizure in diesel injector pumps
Carbon residue
amount of residue present after fuel has been burned
Pitting
anode do not move across surface
What happens when you open an eductor?
asphyxiation & flooding the space
F/O Valves
bank fill, flow limiting, equalizing
How do you categorize fuel
by where it came from
F/O Purifier
centrifugal to separate particulate matter
Describe Environmental controls as a corrosion control
closed loop systems difficult
More paraffin wax =
cloud early = higher pour point
Filling a Tank
consolidated to reduce free surface (affects ship stability) Consolidated to speed up the refueling process
Uniform
corrosion that is even over the entire surface of an area
Bimetallic
dissimilar metals
Sulphur Content
during combustion, Sulphur containing compounds may convert to sulfur dioxide damaging the internal components of engines
fuel or ballast tanks
empty fuel tank may ballast but limited to particular tanks
Describe Corrosion resistant material as a corrosion control
expensive lack strength
Pressure Regulating valve
firemain pressure increase, bc low demand from services
Fuel Characteristics
flash pt, auto ignition temp, pour pt, cloud pt, storage stability, color, appearance, API/Specific gravity, cetane number, viscosity, demulsibility, etc.
Demulsibility
fuel separate from water
Trace Metals
high levels of sodium, potassium, lead or calcium corrode blades and vanes in gas turbines
Cetane Number
ignition quality of diesel fuels Not required for gas turbines or boilers
Cutout valve
isolate portions of firemain
Describe Cathodic Protection as a corrosion control
last method
Explain FM Single Main
little damage survivability, fore and aft centerline
Flash point
low temp w/ enough vapor liquid will ignite 140 degrees
Fire point
lowest temp at which vapors are present above liquid to sustain combustion
Discharge Types
main, secondary, gravity
Seawater compensated tanks
more efficient, preserve stability, fuel and seawater have differing gravities pushing seawater out as fuel enters tank
Describe coatings as a corrosion control
most common epoxy, primer, paint
F/O Pump Logics
pressure set or less> cycle to fast speed pressure drops> pump will shut off because it will recognize there is a leak present
Check valve
prevent back flow in pipes
Relief valve
protect equipment in the event of failure
Primary function of FM
pump seawater to fire hose stations
Wicking
rags soaked in fuel
Storage stability
resistance of fuel to formation of degrading products (sludge), gov't tested for 36 months before given to the Navy
Viscosity
resistance to flow (high = slow) measured in Centistokes
Main discharge
single main or loop main spaces suction piping for std hard suction
secondary (aux spaces) discharge
smaller than main spaces for spaces fore and aft of main spaces low capacity eductors, independent of main drainage
F/O Transfer pump
store fuel Positive displacement Internal relief valve discharges to pump suction
Secondary function of FM
supply water for flushing, emergency drainage, backup SWS, cooling systems
Pour point
temp at which fuel will no longer flow 30 degrees for F76 21 degrees for JP5
Cloud point
temp at which paraffin wax solidifies, fuel becomes cloudy/hazy wax building a barrier between metal and fuel, clog pre filters