Avit 309 Block 1 exam
What percentage of aircraft incident was caused by inappropriate response or equipment
%46
what percentage of aviation industry is caused by human error
%60-%80
what is the percentage of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere
%78 nitrogen %21 oxygen
what is the critical risk value above which evolved gas issues are prevalent
1.5
physiologically supplemental oxygen should be used above what altitude
10,000ft
what altitude can you fully acclimatize to
10,000ft
altitude for physiological Deficient Zone
10,000ft - 50,000ft
what is the first step to treat hypoxia
100% oxygen
what is the number one step in treatment of suspected DCS
100% oxygen
how many breaths-per minute does the average human maintain
12-20sec
what is the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen at sea level
160 mm hg
How long does it take a human to acclimatize
18.4 for every mile
CO has a greater affinity for hemoglobin over oxygen by how much
250 times
How much does temperature decrease per 1,000ft
2C
what number of pilots died from pilot error out of the first 100 fatals
90
According to the FAA what is the time frames which aircraft should be evaluated following an aircraft crash
90 sec
what medical professional should be standing by to receive DCS patient
AME
Below what oxygen saturation level does collapse normally occur at?
Below %60
what are the four presentations of DCS
Bends, skin, chokes, CNS
what is the most common chemical product of incomplete combustion
CO
Which law dictates the mechanism behind evolved gas disorders?
Henery law
what type of hypoxia is caused by CO
Hypemic
what are the 4 types of hypoxia
Hypoxic Hypemic Stagnant Histotoxic
which atmospheric gas evolves into bubbles to create evolved gas disorder
Nitrogen
is it always possible to descend below 10,000ft in emergencies
No
what is the best way to clear GI Gas
Pass flatus or belch on ascent
What is the SCREAM checklist?
Preflight and inflight check of the aircraft oxygen system
What is the gas expansion ratio at FL250?
Three times that of sea level
what are the four phases of respiration
Ventilation Respiration Transportation Utilization
what altitude does space equivalent zone begin
above 50,000ft
what are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood stream called
alveoli
where in the atmosphere is the pressure the most dense
below 10,000ft
what cells are most important in the respiration process for aviators
brain cells
primary control for respiration in humans is regulated by what gas
carbon dioxide
what on the aircraft is designed to filter out ozone in the atmosphere
catalytic ozone converter
what is the first human function lost to hypoxia
cognition
What type of pilot response is best used in extreme-stress events?
conditioned or muscle memory
what are the three types of oxygen deliver system
continuous flow, diluter demand and pressure demand
what is the most dangerous gas aviators could potentially be exposed to?
cyanide
what is the best way to avoid ear and sinus blocks in-flight
do not fly with a cold
what are the common areas of trapped gas in human
ears, teeth, lungs. sinus, GI tract
what typically causes hyperventilation in pilots
emotional
what pathway connects the middle ear with throat
eustachian tube
what physiological issues does henry's law apply to
evolved gas
What is the definition of respiration
exchange of gas from organism to environment
what three mechanisms contribute to contaminants in aircraft
external, internal, aircraft systems
True or False: the lost of oxygen occurring from breathing to fast causes hyperventilation
false
True or false: Effective performance time (EPT) are guaranteed times a pilot can depend on to maintain consciousness at a given altitude
false
true or false: ear blocks are always accompanied by pain
false
For someone equilibrated to sea level, what altitude represents the threshold for evolved gas problems?
flight level 180
what type of oxygen is found on commercial aircraft
gas
what two forms of oxygen storage systems are found on civilian aircraft
gas and chemical
what do oxygen molecules bind to in the transport process
hemoglobin
what physiological issues does daltons law apply to
hypoxia
what type of hypoxia relates to altitude
hypoxic
what is the most dangerous characteristic of hypoxia
insidious onset
what three steps should be taken during a lithium ion battery thermal runway event
isolate extinguish cool
is it safe to use petroleum-based products around 100% oxygen
no
Should vasoconstrictor sprays be used to clear normal ear blocks?
no emergency only
hypercapnia is caused by low amount of what gas in the bloodstream
oxygen
secondary control for respiration in humans is regulated by what gas
oxygen
what four elements need to be maintained in humans for homeostasis
oxygen, rest, nutriention, hydration
what physiological issues does Charles's law apply to
pressure gauge
what aircraft provides the best prevention measure against DCS
pressurization
what is the purpose of pressure demand regulation
raise partial pressure at the lung level
what cell is responsible to transport oxygen
red blood cells
what is a critical first step to for aviators to take in dealing with toxic fumes event
respect the emergency and protect the lungs
what physiological issues does Grahams law apply to
respiration
Doing what prior to flight increases the probability of DCS exponentially?
scuba diving
what is the altitude of Zone of physiologic efficiency
sea level to 10,000ft
what are two areas of trapped gas are most likely to occur on decent
sinus and ears
hyperventilation may cause what type of hypoxia
stagnant
what are two areas of trapped gas are most likely to occur on ascent
teeth and GI tract
which presentation of DCS is most likely to occur in aviators
the bends
which presentation of DCS is least likely to occur and also the most dangerous
the chokes
where does temp stabilize in the atmosphere
top of troposphere
what physiological issues does Boyle Law apply to
trapped gas
True or False: ground crew flight crews and passengers may be a source of toxic fumes
true
True or False: hypoxia may affect higher cognitive function at altitudes as low as 5,000ft
true
True or false: effects of medication may exaggerate the affects of hypoxia at altitude
true
true of false: lack of nutrition may affect an individual's effective performance time
true
true of false: pilots should treat hyperventilation like hypoxia
true
true of false: the subjective symptoms of hyperventilation are similar to hypoxia
true
true or false: human respiration can be voluntarily controlled
true
Which type of DCS (type 1 or type 2) is most likely to occur in aviators?
type 1
Which type of DCS (Type I or Type II) is most likely to be life threatening?
type 2
what is the most effective way to clear ears or sinus blocks
valsalva