AWS
PODSCORB (planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting)
Late 1930's firms categorized the different activities of the firm in to the ____________ framework
access to power
Public clouds are popular with small medium businesses = __________
lack of transparency, sharing of computing assets, your competitor could be using the neighboring VM (- how secure?)
Public clouds come at cost of loss of control which includes: (3)
functional silo syndrome
Refers to a focus within divisionalized structure on functional objectives without regard to process objectives; term was coined in 1988 by Phil S. Ensor
mine data and create predictive analytics
The current trend for data is to ___________________ using what they have captured in their corporate ecosystems
hosting
this infrastructure focused cloud computing offering describes physical data centers such as those run by IBM, HP, NaviSite, etc
divisionalized form
this organizational structure is divided into functions or departments and these functions perform specialized tasks or activities' the processes cut across functions
under enterprise control
what is the benefit of a private cloud
none of the above
A focus of a company on functional objectives without regards to process objectives is termed what type of syndrome A) functional fixation B) process execution C) functional optimization D) process silo E) none of the above
an IT resource
A physical or virtual IT-related artifact that can either be software or hardware-base defines:
no additional IT resources are needed
A pro of vertical scaling is: A) IT resources are instantly available B) Less expensive than horizontal scaling C) Not limited by hardware capacity D) No additional IT resources are needed
public cloud
Amazon AWS, Google App Engine, Microsoft 365 etc are all examples of a ___________
a social firm
An organization where nearly all significant business processes enable a partnership with customers, suppliers, and employees that goes beyond traditional organizational boundaries is the definition of:
significant cost savings, hi performance, very flexible
Benefits of computing with a public cloud include (3):
identify a project, put forth capital as a pilot, migrate existing resources, reinvent the rest of the infrastructure
Every organization will have their own approach to the cloud, but start with a process:
platform revolution
IT enables network-based strategies describes what
digital revolution
IT makes pervasive changes in the structure and operation of the economy describes what
information economy
IT used to manage work better describes what kind of economy
industrial economy
IT used to perform existing information work more quickly and efficiently describes what kind of economy
disproportionately
In practice, network based strategy aids smaller firms ___________
API (applications programming interface)
In the context of cloud computing: There platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or __________
none of the above
In the early days of technology... A) companies bought off the shelf software B) companies owned multiple mainframes C) companies mined their data and used predictive analytics D) A, B, and C D) none of the above
extra organizational communication
In the evolution of communications: The internet changed everything and made possible __________________
mainframe/early server based computing
In the evolution of communications: ____________ required little infrastructure
corporate infrastructure
In the evolution of communications: client server marked the first transition for ______________
intra company systems and intranets
In the evolution of communications: early communication networks focused upon __________________
IT was used to manage work better
In the information economy... A) IT was used to perform existing information work more quickly and efficiently B) IT was used to manage work better C) IT made pervasive changes in the structure and operation of the economy D) IT enabled network-based strategies
personal computers
The 1980s was the advent of ___________ where there was a computer on every desktop
client server
The 1990s consisted of _________ computing where the "client" machine user interfaces with "server" on the network holding the data and application
shrinking and embedding
The 2000s-current consisted of the ___________ of technology where we saw handheld devices, wireless thin computing, wearable computing and miniaturization of devices
knowledge
The central and productive asset for firms today is:
there is no such things as an IT decision, just business decisions about IT
The golden rule of IT states...
free trade
The modern business era has been marked by _________ globalization
divisionalized
The most common organizational structure is:
cloud resource adminstrator
The person or organization responsible for administering a cloud-based IT resource is:
cloud computing
The practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage and process data defines:
multi-tenancy
The public cloud is a __________ architecture shared by all
firm strategy
The social firm breaks down the barriers between customer and organization and enables the customer to help shape __________
retiring
The step migration option where a firm shuts down their legacy systems is known as...
knowledge
The tenants of power in the current economic era is:
public cloud
The use of AWS is an example of:
old view
described by economies of scale and scope achieved by a market participant, and little integration with players of marketplace
the security and service ownership issues related to the cloud are complex in a cloud environment
There is backlash against the cloud for which of the following reasons? A) the cloud is heterogeneous and is not currently monopolized B) the cloud decreases dependence upon other firms C) data access policies are clearer in the cloud D) the security and service ownership issues related to the cloud are complex in a cloud environment
low cost software
This essential characteristic of cloud computing states that you pay for how much you need and for your consumption and is utility based
mainframe
Through the 1950s-1960s ___________ based computing was used which supported massive batch processing
mid range
Through the mid 1970s ___________ based computing was used where the server size shrank and computing power increased
that a company is currently evaluating their opportunities in the cloud
To embrace a "cloud first" strategy means what?
proprietary systems (pushback for more open source and open systems)
Today, most firms purchase software. The downside is there are more ___________
lower computer costs, improved performance, reduced software costs, instant software updates, improved document format compatibility, unlimited storage capacity, increased data reliability, universal document access, latest version availability, easier group collaboration, device independence
What are the advantages of cloud computing? (11)
dependence on others (limits flexbility and innovation), security, policy and access issues
What are the backlashes against cloud computing
finding it, exposing to appropriate stakeholders, keeping it secure
What are the challenges today for data (3)
Requires a constant internet connection, does not work well with low speed connections, features might be limited, can be slow, stored data might not be secure, stored data can be lost,
What are the disadvantages of cloud computing? (6)
opportunity evaluation, portfolio discovery and planning, application design, migration and validation, operation
What are the five steps to the mass migration approach
globalization, rise of the platform economy, emergence of the social firm, transformation of the business enterprise, and exponential changes in technology
What are the five trends that are shaping the modern business environment
remotely hosted, ubiquitous, commodified
What are the three characteristics that define cloud data, applications services and infrastructure
tangible items (capital, equipment, and buildings)
What were the tenets of power in the industrial age
new view
described by network economies of scale and scope achieved when a community of firms work together, and tight integration with players of marketplace
platform
this infrastructure focused cloud computing offering describes cloud based platforms, typically provided using virtualization, such as Amazon ECC and Sun Grid
homogeneity
Which of the following characteristics of the cloud means that no matter which cloud provider you use, it is easy to work with other providers? A) scalability B) elasticity C) resiliency D) homogeneity
transparency of how IT services are created
Which of the following is not a reason why a company would embrace cloud computing? A) transparency of how IT services are created B) economies of scale C) utility-based pricing D) the availability of data and services everywhere
the rise of the domestic economy
Which of the following is not a trend that is shaping the modern business environment? A) the rise of the domestic economy B) the rise of the platform economy C) the emergence of the social firm D) exponential changes in technology
cost, scalability, and performance
Whilst VM architecture essential, a private cloud will lack benefits of sharing: (3)
client server computing
____________ set the infrastructure in place for systems that worked across the enterprise. Then, more complexity brought more problems and provided the motivation for enterprise-wide systems
cluster
a group of idependent IT resources that are interconnected and work as a single system are known as:
business process
a sequence of tasks or activities that produce desired outcomes
SAAS (software as a service)
cloud computing model where all application components and associated hardware/software outsourced, based on multitenancy, e.g.: Salesforce.com
IAAS (infrastructure as a serice)
cloud computing model where all hardware is outsourced
PAAS (platform as a service)
cloud computing model where application logic and data are managed internally; e.g. Microsoft Azure
ubiquitous
defines cloud data, applications services and infrastructure as services or data that are available from anywhere
remotely hosted
defines cloud data, applications services and infrastructure as services or data that are hosted on remote infrastructure
commodified
defines cloud data, applications services and infrastructure as the result being a utility computing model similar to traditional that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity - you pay for what you would want
private cloud
not shared - operated solely for a single organization; hosted/non hosted solutions
social firm
organization where nearly all significant business processes enables a partnership with customers, suppliers, and employees that goes beyond traditional organizational boundaries
re factoring
step migration process that involves adding new features now that the resource is in the cloud
repurchasing
step migration process that involves complete change of the resource from on-premise to the cloud (e.g. on-premise CRM to Salesforce)
retain
step migration process that involves doing nothing (for now)
replatforming
step migration process that involves moving resources from in-house to the cloud, but optimize for the cloud
rehosting
step migration process that involves moving resources from in-house to the cloud, with no changes
retire
step migration process that involves shutting down legacy system
global workgroups
technology enables global collaboration in far flung teams; No longer tied to geographical location or time zones - this is a true 24 hour firm
global marketplace
the entire world has become the marketplace; technology allows companies and individuals to work and source goods and services globally
cloud computing
the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data rather than a local server or a personal computer
metcalfe's law
the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n^2)
application
this application focused cloud computing offering describes cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps and Microsoft Online
services
this application focused cloud computing offering describes complete business services such as Paypal, OpenID, OAuth, Google Maps, and Alexa
development
this application focused cloud computing offering describes software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications (PAAS & SAAS) such as SalesForce
scalability
this essential characteristic of cloud computing allows for traffic spikes and minimizes delays
elasticity
this essential characteristic of cloud computing allows for workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an automatic manner, such that at each point in time the available resources match the current demand as closely as possible
resource pooling
this essential characteristic of cloud computing describes a multi tenant model; examples of this includes storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines
broad network access
this essential characteristic of cloud computing describes how capabilities are availble over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs)
measured service
this essential characteristic of cloud computing describes how cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts).
self service
this essential characteristic of cloud computing describes when a consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service's provider
security
this essential characteristic of cloud computing is responsibility of the vendor
resiliency
this essential characteristic of cloud computing mirrored solutions to minimize downtime in the event of a disaster; it also gives businesses the sustainability they need during unanticipated events
geographic distribution
this essential characteristic of cloud computing shows that there is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control of knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g. country, state, or datacenter)
homogeneity
this essential characteristic of cloud computing states that no matter which cloud provider and architecture an organization uses, an open cloud will make it easy for them to work with other groups, even if those other groups choose different providers and architectures
management control
this group deals with tactical issues and the execution of organizational policy
operational control
this group focuses on the day-to-day operations of the company
strategic control
this group includes CEOs and Presidents and deals with long-term strategy
storage
this infrastructure focused cloud computing offering describes data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA, iDisk, CloudNAS