BA350 Ch.15 +13
140) When the ________ of decision making is used, group members are not required to meet face to face. A) Delphi technique B) TQM technique C) operative technique D) behind-the-scenes technique
A) Delphi technique
90) ________ stems from superior ability or expertise in performing a task. A) Expert power B) Referent power C) Information power D) Charismatic power
A) Expert power
71) ________ is the principal means of directing and controlling organizational goals and activities. A) Power B) Arbitration C) Negotiation D) Accommodation
A) Power
84) ________ is the power to give such things as pay raises, promotion, praise, and interesting projects to subordinates. A) Reward power B) Referent power C) Charismatic power D) Information power
A) Reward power
94) When Nike paid tennis star Serena Williams over $60 million to endorse their tennis products, they capitalized on her ________. A) charismatic power B) information power C) legitimate power D) coercive power
A) charismatic power
74) A(n) ________ is a group of managers who have similar interests. A) coalition B) organization C) network D) consortium
A) coalition
124) The night before the shuttle Challenger launch, an engineer for one of NASA's contractors brought up concerns over how cold it was projected to be the next day. When his manager and NASA managers discussed the issue, they collectively rationalized that temperature was not a problem, censored the engineer who initially had the concerns, and mistakenly believed they were in unanimous agreement that the launch should proceed. As a result, this team of engineers and managers experienced ________. A) groupthink B) transformative decision making C) diffusion of responsibility D) group polarization
A) groupthink
122) A decision to extend a store's operating hours is MOST LIKELY to be accepted by the store employees ________. A) if they participated in the decision process B) if the store manager made the decision C) if the regional manager made the decision D) if they are threatened
A) if they participated in the decision process
138) The nominal group technique can be applied in situations characterized by ________. A) the need for the group to reach a decision quickly B) complex decision making that involves large amounts of information C) the need for unanimous or near-unanimous agreement on the alternative D) complicated decisions that require repeated group meetings
A) the need for the group to reach a decision quickly
134) ________ is a spontaneous, participative, decision-making technique that groups use to generate a wide range of alternatives from which to make a decision. A) Producing B) Brainstorming C) Nominal group technique D) Delphi technique
B) Brainstorming
86) ________ is based on the ability to give or withhold punishment. A) Reward power B) Coercive power C) Information power D) Charismatic power
B) Coercive power
128) ________ occurs when the group as a whole rather than any one individual is accountable for the decision. A) Brainstorming B) Diffusion of responsibility C) Group polarization D) Potential for conflict
B) Diffusion of responsibility
123) ________ is a pattern of faulty decision making that occurs in cohesive groups whose members strive for agreement at the expense of accurately assessing information relevant to the decision. A) Squelching B) Groupthink C) Collectivism D) Polarization
B) Groupthink
83) ________ is the ultimate source of individual power in the organization. A) Information power B) Legitimate power C) Referent power D) Expert power
B) Legitimate power
75) ________ is characterized by active disagreement over which organizational goals to pursue and how to pursue them. A) Turf warfare B) Political decision making C) Interdepartmental divergence D) Organizational conflict
B) Political decision making
79) Formal sources of power are based on ________. A) an individual's personality B) an individual's position in the organization C) an individual's expertise D) an individual's referent power in the organization
B) an individual's position in the organization
119) When employees take part in the decision-making process they ________ accept a decision. A) will B) are more likely to C) are less likely to D) will not
B) are more likely to
91) A gas company employee who is especially proficient in dealing with state regulators to get results the company needs MOST LIKELY possesses ________. A) coercive power B) expert power C) legitimate power D) referent power
B) expert power
114) All of the following are advantages of group decision making EXCEPT ________. A) enhanced memory for facts B) faster decision making C) greater decision acceptance D) improved ability to correct errors
B) faster decision making
89) Which of the following is NOT a source of informal individual power? A) referent B) information C) expert D) charismatic
B) information
82) As division manager for Rebely Research, Inc., Larry Friend's ability to determine which researchers receive the funding to complete their projects is an example of ________. A) information power B) legitimate power C) referent power D) expert power
B) legitimate power
137) The ________ is a way for groups that need to make a decision quickly to select an alternative. A) alpha group technique B) nominal group technique C) emergency group technique D) accelerated group technique
B) nominal group technique
121) A devil's advocate is significant in groupthink because a devil's advocate will ________. A) increase the likelihood of groupthink B) not be afraid to find flaws and prevent groupthink C) use charisma to garner the support of others D) add humor to the group decision making process
B) not be afraid to find flaws and prevent groupthink
92) People who gain power and influence in a group because they are liked, respected, and admired possess ________. A) reward power B) referent power C) expert power D) legitimate power
B) referent power
116) When it comes to group decision making, teams that include members ________ are MOST LIKELY to provide the best decisions because they will consider different points of view. A) with similar technical training B) who are diverse in terms of age, gender, or race C) who have worked as a unit for extended periods D) who never disagree with one another
B) who are diverse in terms of age, gender, or race
117) The owner of a toy store wants a manager to make several decisions about the placement of certain toys in the store. The decisions need to be made very quickly, and the owner has been impressed with the manager's ability to make similar decisions in the past. The owner is MOST LIKELY to suggest that the manager ________. A) bring in several people to help make the decisions B) work alone C) use nonprogrammed decision making D) utilize the Delphi technique
B) work alone
97) ________ is an intense form of referent power. A) Expert power B) Legitimate power C) Charismatic power D) Operational power
C) Charismatic power
126) Which of the following is NOT a step group leaders can take to prevent the occurrence of groupthink? A) Encourage all group members to be critical of proposed alternatives and to raise any doubts they may have. B) Refrain from expressing his or her own opinion until the group has a chance to consider all alternatives. C) Discourage group members from gathering information from people outside the group. D) Assign a member to play the role of devil's advocate.
C) Discourage group members from gathering information from people outside the group.
145) ________ is the process of giving employees the authority to make decisions and be responsible for their outcomes. A) Procurement B) Emancipation C) Empowerment D) Endorsement
C) Empowerment
78) ________ is the power that stems from a person's position in an organization's hierarchy. A) Dynamic power B) Organizational power C) Formal individual power D) Informal individual power
C) Formal individual power
81) ________ is the power to control and use organizational resources to accomplish organizational goals. A) Expert power B) Referent power C) Legitimate power D) Corporate power
C) Legitimate power
76) Sally is a waitress at a well-established local restaurant. She works with several other waitresses, each of them of equal status. They do not supervise anyone nor have they been given any authority other than what is required to serve the customers. However, Sally is extremely well liked by patrons, the other waitstaff, and the cooks. Which BEST describes Sally's power within the organization? A) She has no power since she is a waitress and has no authority. B) She has a small amount of negligible power within the organization. C) She holds referent power within the organization. D) She holds expert power within the organization.
C) She holds referent power within the organization.
115) Group decision making is MOST LIKELY to have clear advantages over individual decision making when ________. A) escalation of commitment is a potential problem B) the decision must be made quickly C) a decision requires expertise in different areas D) the group is homogeneous
C) a decision requires expertise in different areas
143) Total quality management includes the two group decision-making techniques of ________. A) benchmarking and NGT B) empowerment and brainstorming C) benchmarking and empowerment D) electronic brainstorming and empowerment
C) benchmarking and empowerment
96) Legitimate, reward, and coercive powers become less potent in the presence of ________. A) information power B) referent power C) charismatic power D) expert power
C) charismatic power
133) Ralph Lewis is the leader of the design team for Boola, Inc.'s new office building. It has become apparent in recent meetings that some team members are attempting to influence how offices in the new building are designed because these members personally want window offices. Ralph is concerned that these members are concentrating on their own self-interests, which may cause the team to become dysfunctional if group members become more concerned about window offices than the overall building. In light of this situation, Ralph is aware that all decision-making groups ________. A) have to be led with a strong hand by a determined leader B) are polarized, which may or may not be a problem C) have the potential for conflict D) must be aware of the problems of groupthink
C) have the potential for conflict
93) An attorney in a large law practice is not a very successful lawyer. However, he is able to provide a valuable service to the practice--he understands the relationships that the law firm has developed with clients in a way that nobody else understands them. For example, he reminds his law partners to send out birthday notes to their clients on their birthdays because he knows when they occur. This attorney MOST LIKELY possesses ________. A) expert power B) referent power C) information power D) reward power
C) information power
70) Power is BEST defined as the ability of ________. A) managers to increase their authority and pursue their own interests B) managers to increase their authority and ability to influence the work of others C) one person or group to cause another person or group to do something that they might not otherwise have done D) one person or group to promote their own agenda
C) one person or group to cause another person or group to do something that they might not otherwise have done
72) Managers engage in ________ to increase their power and pursue goals that favor their individual and group interests. A) arbitration B) accommodation C) organizational politics D) political decision making
C) organizational politics
136) Groupthink and group polarization are examples of ________. A) Delphi technique B) nominal group technique C) production blocking D) group decision making
C) production blocking
144) ________ involves selecting a high-performing organization that is currently providing high-quality goods and services to its customers and using this organization as a model. A) Empowerment B) Production blocking C) Brainstorming D) Benchmarking
D) Benchmarking
132) ________ can become dysfunctional when individual members become more concerned about winning the battle than in making a good decision. A) Individual decision making B) Programmed decision making C) Nonprogrammed decision making D) Group decision making
D) Group decision making
127) Arthur Goldberg once said, "If Columbus had an advisory committee, he would probably still be at the dock." He would MOST LIKELY agree with which statement? A) Group polarization rarely occurs when people make decisions together. B) Groups have more skills and resources to make wise decisions than do individuals. C) Group decision making will often result in groupthink. D) Group decision making is time consuming and burdened by conflict.
D) Group decision making is time consuming and burdened by conflict.
129) ________ occurs when a group makes decisions that are either riskier or more conservative than the decisions an individual would make. A) Groupthink B) Group conflict C) Group exploration D) Group polarization
D) Group polarization
80) Which statement BEST explains the relationship between charisma and power? A) The more charisma a person has, the less able they are to influence others. B) If one lacks charisma, one cannot have legitimate power. C) If one has charisma, one also has other formal powers. D) If one possesses charisma, other powers may not be as important.
D) If one possesses charisma, other powers may not be as important.
88) ________ is derived from personal characteristics. A) Personal power B) Legitimate power C) Formal individual power D) Informal individual power
D) Informal individual power
135) ________ is the loss of productivity in brainstorming groups due to various distractions and limitations inherent in brainstorming. A) Groupthink B) Beta blocking C) Nominalization D) Production blocking
D) Production blocking
142) ________ is a philosophy and set of practices that have been developed to improve the quality of an organization's goods and services and the efficiency with which they are produced. A) Strategic management B) Production management C) Operations management D) Total quality management
D) Total quality management
95) A division's ability to control contingencies ________. A) gives the division the power to reward and punish behavior B) means that it is the only division to have this power C) makes the division vital to all other divisions D) allows the division to handle sudden changes
D) allows the division to handle sudden changes
120) Organizations should use group rather than individual decision making when ________. A) an individual has the capabilities needed to make a good decision B) an individual can gather and accurately consider all necessary information C) an individual needs to make the best decision in a short amount of time D) an individual needs the diverse opinions of others to make the highest quality decision
D) an individual needs the diverse opinions of others to make the highest quality decision
125) In meetings regarding the Cuban missile crisis that occurred during the presidential administration of John F. Kennedy, one of Kennedy's oldest allies, Dean Rusk, seems to question every decision the president and his advisors made. Some historians have speculated that Kennedy asked Rusk to criticize, raise objection to, and identify problems with any decisions the group made. This would mean that Kennedy had asked Rusk to be the ________. A) fall guy B) scapegoat C) loyal opposition D) devil's advocate
D) devil's advocate
139) Because the ________ allows group members to brainstorm privately, it avoids the problem of production blocking. A) Delphi technique B) prescriptive technique C) total quality technique D) nominal group technique
D) nominal group technique
73) Two managers have conflicting views of how to best handle a recent increase in funds. They have many meetings and each manager must argue his position. After several weeks, a decision is made that results in an efficient and effective use of the new resources. This example BEST shows that ________. A) only top management partake in political decision making B) it harms other individuals when managers go after their goals C) formal power is not necessary to engage in political decision making D) political decision making can lead to improved performance
D) political decision making can lead to improved performance
77) The formal and informal sources of power possessed by managers, functions, and divisions that determine how an organization makes decisions is the organization's ________. A) political system B) hierarchy of authority C) dominant political coalition D) power structure
D) power structure
118) A group is trying to decide how to spend government aid. The group asks outside experts to come in and give their opinion. The manager decides that she thinks the first expert had great points and she lets all group members know that she supports that option. Everyone agrees with her, but she has a sinking suspicion that this is only because she will soon be determining who is getting bonuses. She is worried that there might be flaws with the chosen option. In the future, she could BEST avoid the possibility of groupthink by ________. A) gathering information from inside sources only B) suggesting her subordinates be less critical of the alternatives C) punishing any members who act like a devil's advocate D) refraining from giving her opinion until everyone has expressed their view
D) refraining from giving her opinion until everyone has expressed their view
87) Equity and fairness are important when attempting to balance ________. A) reward and legitimate power B) legitimate and information power C) coercive and information power D) reward and coercive power
D) reward and coercive power
131) The potential for conflict in group decision making LEAST LIKELY arises from ________. A) the differences in the knowledge, skills, and expertise of group members B) members viewing and responding to opportunities or problems in different ways C) group members advocating alternatives that promote their self-interests D) similar backgrounds in education and experience shared by group members
D) similar backgrounds in education and experience shared by group members
141) The principal disadvantages of ________ are that it does not allow for group interaction and it can be time consuming. A) brainstorming. B) production blocking C) the nominal group technique D) the Delphi technique
D) the Delphi technique
130) The fact that decisions made by groups are more extreme than decisions made by individuals is LEAST LIKELY associated with ________. A) the diffusion of responsibility occurs B) knowing that other group members support the same decision can cause group members to become more confident in their position C) as a group discusses alternatives, members of the group come up with persuasive arguments to support their favored alternative and the group's confidence in the chosen alternative increases D) the diversity found in groups that cannot exist within single individuals
D) the diversity found in groups that cannot exist within single individuals
85) A manager can use reward power to influence and control subordinate behavior as long as the rewards are ________. A) scarce B) tangible C) intangible D) valued
D) valued