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Back Muscles: Origin, Insertion, Innervation, Blood Supply & Action

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Levatores Costarum Origin

12 pairs, from the TP's of C7 and first through eleventh thoracic vertebrae

Semispinalis Capitis Insertion

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Levatores Costarum Insertion

On external surface of rib below vertebra of origin between the tubercle and angle

Rotatores Longus and Rotatores Brevis Action

Rotation of the vertebral column

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation

Thoracodorsal nerve (from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, containing fibers from C6 to C8)

Longissimus Thoracis Origin

Thoracolmbar fascia and accessory processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Iliocostalis Lumborum Origin

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Semispinalis Capitis Action

Bilaterally: Extension of the neck Unilaterally: Turns face toward opposite side

Semispinalis Thoracis Action

Bilaterally: Extension of the vertebral column Unilaterally: Rotation of the vertebral column toward the opposite side

Longissimus Capitis Action

Bilaterally: Extension of vertebral column Unilaterally: Rotation of face towards same side

Semispinalis Cervicis Action

Bilaterally: Extension of vertebral column Unilaterally: Rotation of vertebral column toward opposite side

Spinalis Thoracis Origin

Blends with longissimus thoracis and arises from spinous processes of T11-L2

Splenius Capitis Origin

Caudal half of ligament niche and SP of C7 to T3/T4

Serratus Anterior Insertion

Costal surface of the vertebral border of the scapula

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

Crest of the lesser tubercle and floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Semispinalis Cervicis Blood Supply

Deep branch of the costocervical trunk, posterior intercostal arteries

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

Depresses lower ribs, draws them down and back (muscle of inspiration)

Semispinalis Capitis Blood Supply

Descending branch of occipital artery, deep branch of the costocervical trunk

Iliocostalis Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves C4-C6

Rhomboideus Minor Innervation

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4, C5)

Splenius Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal rami lower cervical spinal nerves

Spinalis Thoracis Innervation

Dorsal rami of T1 to T12

Multifidus (Lumborum, Thoracis, and Cervicis) Innervation

Dorsal rami of all spinal nerves

Spinalis Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves

Splenius Capitis Innervation

Dorsal rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

Interspinales Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Rotatores Longus and Rotatores Brevis Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Longissimus Capitis Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C3 to C8

Longissimus Cervicis Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C4-C8

Semispinalis Thoracis Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves T1 to T6

Longissimus Thoracis Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves T1-T12

Intertransversarii Innervation

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves, except lateral Intertransversarii in lumbar and lower thoracic, and anterior and posterior Intertransversarii in cervical Exceptions are innervated by ventral rami

Iliocostalis Lumborum Innervation

Dorsal rami of the lumbar spinal nerves

Iliocostalis Thoracis Innervation

Dorsal rami of the thoracic spinal nerves

Levatores Costarum Innervation

Dorsal rami of thoracic spinal nerves

Rhomboideus Major Innervation

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

Trapezius Origin

EOP, medial 1/3 of the Sup. Nuchal Line, Ligamentum Nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12

Levatores Costarum Action

Elevate ribs, assist in inspiration, rotates and laterally flexes vertebral column

Levator Scapulae Action

Elevates and retracts scapula with trapezius, laterally flexes cervical vertebral column if scapula is fixed

Rhomboideus Major Action

Elevates the medial border and retracts the scapula (same as R. Minor), rotation of the scapula

Rhomboideus Minor Action

Elevates the medial border and retracts the scapula (same os R. Major), rotation of the scapula

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

Elevates upper ribs (muscle of inspiration)

Iliocostalis Cervicis Action

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Iliocostalis Lumborum Action

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Longissimus Cervicis Action

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Longissimus Thoracis Action

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Spinalis Thoracis Action

Extension and lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Spinalis Cervicis Action

Extension of the vertebral column

Iliocostalis Thoracis Action

Extension of vertebra column

Interspinales Action

Extension of vertebral column

Multifidus (Lumborum, Thoracis, and Cervicis) Action

Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of vertebral column, extension and lateral motions of the pelvis

Latissimus Dorsi Action

Extension, medial rotation, and adduction of the arm

Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation

First four intercostal nerves (ventral rami of first four thoracic nerves)

Serratus Anterior Origin

Fleshy digitation form the external surfaces of the upper eight or nine ribs

Triangle of Auscultation

Formed by: Latissimus Dorsi Trapezius Medial border of the scapula (Floor formed by R. Major)

Semispinalis Thoracis Origin

From the TP's of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

Rotatores Longus and Rotatores Brevis Origin

From the TP's of vertebrae

Spinalis Cervicis Origin

From the lower part of ligament nuchal and SP's of C7 to T2

Serratus Posterior Superior Blood Supply

Highest intercostal artery, posterior intercostal arteries

Intertransversarii Insertion

Inferiorly on TP's of vertebrae immediately superior to vertebra of origin Most highly developed in cervical and lumbar regions

Interspinales Insertion

Inferiorly on spine of vertebra immediately superior to vertebra of origin Not always present in thoracic region Frequently double in cervical region

Rotatores Longus and Rotatores Brevis Insertion

Lamina of the vertebra immediately superior (R. Brevis), or into the lamina of the second vertebra above the vertebra of origin (R. Longus)

Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles

Lat- Iliocostalis (iliocostalis lumborum/thoracis/cervicis) Inter- Longissimus (longissimus thoracis/cervicis/capitis) Med- Spinalis (Spinalis thoracis/cervicis/capitis) All of which form the ERECTOR SPINAE

Intertransversarii Action

Lateral flexion of vertebral column

Serratus Anterior Innervation

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Iliocostalis Lumborum Insertion

Lower borders of the lower six or seven ribs near the angles

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

Lower end of ligament niche, and SP's of C7 to T2 or T3

Rhomboideus Minor Origin

Lower part of ligament niche and SP of C7 and T1

Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion

Lower three of four ribs lateral to their angles

Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation

Lowest four intercostal nerves (ventral rami of lowest four thoracic nerves)

Splenius Capitis Insertion

Mastoid process and occipital bone just inferior to lateral one third of superior nuchal line

Spinalis Capitis

May originate form upper thoracic SP's Usually blends laterally with semispinalis capitis. Considered with the semispinalis capitis

Rhomboideus Minor Insertion

Medial border of scapula at base (root) of the spine

Levator Scapulae Insertion

Medial border of scapula from superior angle to base of spine

Rhomboideus Major Insertion

Medial border of the scapula between the base of the spine and inferior angle

Semispinalis Capitis Innervation

Medial branches of dorsal rami of C1-C6

Semispinalis Cervicis Innervation

Medial branches of the dorsal rami of C6 to C8

Longissimus Capitis Origin

Medial to upper border of longissimus cervicis partly from the tendons of origin of this muscle and from the articular processes of the lower four cervical vertebrae

Semispinalis

Most superficial of the transversospinalis group Extend 5-6 vertebral levels

Splenius Cervicis Blood Supply

Muscular and defending branches of the occipital artery, superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery

Splenius Capitis Blood Supply

Muscular and descending branches of the occipital artery, superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery

Longissimus Capitis Blood Supply

Muscular branches of occipital artery, deep cervical branch of the costocervical trunk

Intertransversarii Blood Supply

Muscular branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

Interspinales Blood Supply

Muscular branches of the posterior intercostal arteries, lumbar arteries, deep cervical branches of the costocervical trunk

Splenius Cervicis Origin

Narrow tendinous band from SP's of T3-T6

Iliocostalis Cervicis Blood Supply

Posterior Intercostal arteries

Levator Scapulae Origin

Posterior Tubercles of the TP's of C1-C3/C4

Longissimus Capitis Insertion

Posterior edge of the mastoid process

Longissimus Thoracis Blood Supply

Posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

Multifidus (Lumborum, Thoracis, and Cervicis) Blood Supply

Posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries, deep cervical branch of the costocervical trunk

Iliocostalis Thoracis Blood Supply