sociology chapter 8
Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?
Class
slavery
People own others - control their lives.
open systen Prestige
Respect, recognition, or regard
Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?
After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.
What factor makes class systems open?
They allow for movement between the classes.
Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _________ higher-level job positions.
denied the opportunity to obtain
When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:
do not feel connected to their work
Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:
earn a pay raise for doing excellent work
Brahmins
educated priests and scholars
Occupational prestige means that jobs are:
not equally valued
Prestigious occupations
occupations require more formal education, pay more, involve mental activity, offer autonomy, and are seen as more socially important.
Shudras
peasants and laborers, craftspeople
Chattel slavery
people are bought and sold as commodities.
dalits
poor, untouchables, menial and unpleasant jobs
Social stratification is a system that:
ranks society members into categories
The GNI PPP figure represents:
the average annual income of a country's citizens
Life chances
the extent to which people have positive experiences and can secure good things in life
power based on:
tradition, personal charisma, and social class.
Social Stratification
-A hierarchical ranking of people who have different access to valued resources -Property, power, and status. -Systems can be relatively closed or open.
Open Stratification Systems
-A social class is a category of people who have a similar rank based on wealth, education, power, or prestige. -Based on achieved statuses. -Social classes are relatively fluid.
wealth
-Includes property (what people own) and income (money that comes in regularly) -Cumulative, passed on to the next generation, and produces income. -Income inequality increasing in the U.S.
. Closed Stratification Systems
-Mobility is limited due to ascribed statuses—sex, skin color, family background. -Slavery and castes
Caste System
-Social categories are based on heredity. -Status is ascribed at birth. -Caste restricts social relationships, residence, and occupation.
Which statement illustrates low status consistency?
A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year
Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?
First-generation college student
What factor makes caste systems closed?
People cannot change their social standings.
Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?
Pyramid
Structural mobility occurs when:
a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes
Socioeconomic status (SES)
an overall ranking of people's positions based on their income, education, and occupation
Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:
get rich while workers stay poor Previous Next
status inconsistency
high prestige, low power
Indian Caste System
indian system is a good example of this caste system - Outlawed in 1949. -Social distinctions persist
Kshatriyas
kings and warriors
Vaishyas
merchants and farmers
In the United States, most people define themselves as:
middle class
The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:
serves a purpose in society
Power elite—
small group of white men who make the important decisions in U.S. society (C. Wright Mills)
Dimensions of Stratification
wealth
open systen Prestige based on:
wealth, family background, fame, occupation, and leadership.
Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?
An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.
open system: power
The ability of individuals to achieve goals, control events, and maintain influence over others despite opposition.
class traits
The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as: