sociology chapter 8

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Which of these systems allows for the most social mobility?

Class

slavery

People own others - control their lives.

open systen Prestige

Respect, recognition, or regard

Which statement represents stratification from the perspective of symbolic interactionism?

After work, Pat, a janitor, feels more comfortable eating in a truck stop than a French restaurant.

What factor makes class systems open?

They allow for movement between the classes.

Unlike Davis and Moore, Melvin Tumin believed that, because of social stratification, some qualified people were _________ higher-level job positions.

denied the opportunity to obtain

When Karl Marx said workers experience alienation, he meant that workers:

do not feel connected to their work

Based on meritocracy, a physician's assistant would:

earn a pay raise for doing excellent work

Brahmins

educated priests and scholars

Occupational prestige means that jobs are:

not equally valued

Prestigious occupations

occupations require more formal education, pay more, involve mental activity, offer autonomy, and are seen as more socially important.

Shudras

peasants and laborers, craftspeople

Chattel slavery

people are bought and sold as commodities.

dalits

poor, untouchables, menial and unpleasant jobs

Social stratification is a system that:

ranks society members into categories

The GNI PPP figure represents:

the average annual income of a country's citizens

Life chances

the extent to which people have positive experiences and can secure good things in life

power based on:

tradition, personal charisma, and social class.

Social Stratification

-A hierarchical ranking of people who have different access to valued resources -Property, power, and status. -Systems can be relatively closed or open.

Open Stratification Systems

-A social class is a category of people who have a similar rank based on wealth, education, power, or prestige. -Based on achieved statuses. -Social classes are relatively fluid.

wealth

-Includes property (what people own) and income (money that comes in regularly) -Cumulative, passed on to the next generation, and produces income. -Income inequality increasing in the U.S.

. Closed Stratification Systems

-Mobility is limited due to ascribed statuses—sex, skin color, family background. -Slavery and castes

Caste System

-Social categories are based on heredity. -Status is ascribed at birth. -Caste restricts social relationships, residence, and occupation.

Which statement illustrates low status consistency?

A college dropout launches an online company that earns millions in its first year

Which person best illustrates opportunities for upward social mobility in the United States?

First-generation college student

What factor makes caste systems closed?

People cannot change their social standings.

Which graphic concept best illustrates the concept of social stratification?

Pyramid

Structural mobility occurs when:

a large group moves up or down the class ladder due to societal changes

Socioeconomic status (SES)

an overall ranking of people's positions based on their income, education, and occupation

Conflict theorists view capitalists as those who:

get rich while workers stay poor Previous Next

status inconsistency

high prestige, low power

Indian Caste System

indian system is a good example of this caste system - Outlawed in 1949. -Social distinctions persist

Kshatriyas

kings and warriors

Vaishyas

merchants and farmers

In the United States, most people define themselves as:

middle class

The basic premise of the Davis-Moore thesis is that the unequal distribution of rewards in social stratification:

serves a purpose in society

Power elite—

small group of white men who make the important decisions in U.S. society (C. Wright Mills)

Dimensions of Stratification

wealth

open systen Prestige based on:

wealth, family background, fame, occupation, and leadership.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intergenerational mobility?

An executive belongs to a different class than her parents.

open system: power

The ability of individuals to achieve goals, control events, and maintain influence over others despite opposition.

class traits

The behaviors, customs, and norms associated with a class are known as:


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