Baroque Terms formid term fall 2018
trompe l'oeil painting
"deceive the eye." It is a technique that creates optical illusions of three-dimensional involving realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions.
Di sotto in sù
"from the bottoms up" di sotto in sù works are ceiling paintings in which the figures seem to be hovering above the viewers, often looking down at us.
iconoclasm
A belief that the practice of worshiping and honoring objects such as icons was sinful.
Quatrefoil
A four-lobed decorative pattern common in Gothic art and architecture.
Grisaille (fr. gris, "gray")
A painting done entirely in one colour, usually gray. Grisaille paintings were often intended to imitate sculpture.
Allegory
A story or poem or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.
Caravaggisti
An artist that works in the style of Caravaggio.
Quadro riportato
An illusion of framed paintings- Both are types of ceiling paintings. Quadro riportato is a wall mural that is executed on a curved ceiling vault. To view a quadro riportato work, one must stand in a particular spot in order for it to appear right side up. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was done in quadro riportato.
Neoclassicism
Any of several movements in the arts, architecture, literature and music that revived forms from earlier centuries.
colore/disegno (Color vs. Line)
COLOR to create form vs. LINE to create form
Italian Art Academy
Carraci family started an organization to train artist/set styles. was the originial "Academy of Arts"
illusionistic ceiling painting
Illusionistic ceiling painting, which includes the techniques of perspective di sotto in sù and quadratura, is the tradition in Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo art in which trompe l'oeil, perspective tools such as foreshortening, and other spatial effects are used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on an otherwise two-dimensional or mostly flat ceiling surface above the viewer. It is frequently used to visually suggest an open sky, such as with the oculus in Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, or a fictive architectural space such as in the illusionistic cupola, one of Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in Sant'Ignazio, Rome.
Colore (Colorito)
Is a term applied to sixteenth-century painting in which color is employed in a dominant manner
Sfumato
Italian for "smoky", technique used to blend details to look more realistic. (Leonardo Di Vince)
Veduta
Italian for "vista" or "view." Paintings, drawings, or prints, often of expansive city scenes or of harbors.
Council of Trent 1545-63
Meeting called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine ruled out reconciliation with Protestants; led to a resurgence of Catholicism in the 17th century.
WolFFlin's polarities to objectively analyse Renaissance and Baroque periods include these five
Multiplicity Vs Unity Closed Vs Open Linear Vs Painterly Plane Vs Recession Absolute Vs Realitive
Tenebrism
Painting in the "shadowy manner" using violent contrasts of light and dark as in the work of Caravaggio
neo-stoicism
Practical philosophy which holds that the basic rule of good life is that the human should not yield to the passions, but submit to God. ( The Four passions: greed, joy, fear and sorrow.
Characteristics of Baroque
The 3 D's are: 1. Drama (lighting), the Diagonal complex compositional arrangements, and dynamism; movement. The architecture is characterized by monumental-ism; movement or heavy decoration.
Chiaroscuro
The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth. Caravaggio also used it for the sake of drama.
Vanitas
Vanitas is the Latin for "vanity," (a theme in still life painting that stresses the brevity of life and the folly of human vanity)
Quadro Reiportato
a ceiling design in which painted scenes are arranged in panels resembling framed pictures transferred to the surface of a shallow, curved vault.
memento mori
an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull.
History Painting
based on historical, mythological, or biblical narratives, and conveyed high moral/intellectual idea. The highest form in the Mid 1600 century exceeding Still life and Portrait.
Low Genre
created by Caravaggio, painting every day people.
Quadratura
describes a form of illusionistic mural painting in which images of architectural features are painted onto walls or ceilings -or- an illusionistic architectural setting for narrative frescos by other painters.
Genre painting
scenes of everyday life ex: children playing on the street
painting cycle
series of paintings on walls
Disegno
the design of a painting seen in terms of drawing, which formed the basis of all art. (The term stresses not the literal drawing, but the concept behind an artwork. With the Mannerists the term came to mean an ideal image that a work attempts to embody but can in fact never fully realize. As disegno appeals to the intellect, it was considered far more important that coloure, which was seen as appealing to the senses and emotions.)
Iconography
the images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a person or a subject
Impasto
the process or technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface.
The main alternative to Colore (colorito)
was Disegno, (which favored the art of drawing over colorism)
Realism included these aspects of objective analytical comparison:
• Space • Time • Psychology • Emotion & Realism