Baroque Terms formid term fall 2018

trompe l'oeil painting

"deceive the eye." It is a technique that creates optical illusions of three-dimensional involving realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions.

Di sotto in sù

"from the bottoms up" di sotto in sù works are ceiling paintings in which the figures seem to be hovering above the viewers, often looking down at us.

iconoclasm

A belief that the practice of worshiping and honoring objects such as icons was sinful.

Quatrefoil

A four-lobed decorative pattern common in Gothic art and architecture.

Grisaille (fr. gris, "gray")

A painting done entirely in one colour, usually gray. Grisaille paintings were often intended to imitate sculpture.

Allegory

A story or poem or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.

Caravaggisti

An artist that works in the style of Caravaggio.

Quadro riportato

An illusion of framed paintings- Both are types of ceiling paintings. Quadro riportato is a wall mural that is executed on a curved ceiling vault. To view a quadro riportato work, one must stand in a particular spot in order for it to appear right side up. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was done in quadro riportato.

Neoclassicism

Any of several movements in the arts, architecture, literature and music that revived forms from earlier centuries.

colore/disegno (Color vs. Line)

COLOR to create form vs. LINE to create form

Italian Art Academy

Carraci family started an organization to train artist/set styles. was the originial "Academy of Arts"

illusionistic ceiling painting

Illusionistic ceiling painting, which includes the techniques of perspective di sotto in sù and quadratura, is the tradition in Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo art in which trompe l'oeil, perspective tools such as foreshortening, and other spatial effects are used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space on an otherwise two-dimensional or mostly flat ceiling surface above the viewer. It is frequently used to visually suggest an open sky, such as with the oculus in Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi, or a fictive architectural space such as in the illusionistic cupola, one of Andrea Pozzo's frescoes in Sant'Ignazio, Rome.

Colore (Colorito)

Is a term applied to sixteenth-century painting in which color is employed in a dominant manner

Sfumato

Italian for "smoky", technique used to blend details to look more realistic. (Leonardo Di Vince)

Veduta

Italian for "vista" or "view." Paintings, drawings, or prints, often of expansive city scenes or of harbors.

Council of Trent 1545-63

Meeting called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine ruled out reconciliation with Protestants; led to a resurgence of Catholicism in the 17th century.

WolFFlin's polarities to objectively analyse Renaissance and Baroque periods include these five

Multiplicity Vs Unity Closed Vs Open Linear Vs Painterly Plane Vs Recession Absolute Vs Realitive

Tenebrism

Painting in the "shadowy manner" using violent contrasts of light and dark as in the work of Caravaggio

neo-stoicism

Practical philosophy which holds that the basic rule of good life is that the human should not yield to the passions, but submit to God. ( The Four passions: greed, joy, fear and sorrow.

Characteristics of Baroque

The 3 D's are: 1. Drama (lighting), the Diagonal complex compositional arrangements, and dynamism; movement. The architecture is characterized by monumental-ism; movement or heavy decoration.

Chiaroscuro

The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth. Caravaggio also used it for the sake of drama.

Vanitas

Vanitas is the Latin for "vanity," (a theme in still life painting that stresses the brevity of life and the folly of human vanity)

Quadro Reiportato

a ceiling design in which painted scenes are arranged in panels resembling framed pictures transferred to the surface of a shallow, curved vault.

memento mori

an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull.

History Painting

based on historical, mythological, or biblical narratives, and conveyed high moral/intellectual idea. The highest form in the Mid 1600 century exceeding Still life and Portrait.

Low Genre

created by Caravaggio, painting every day people.

Quadratura

describes a form of illusionistic mural painting in which images of architectural features are painted onto walls or ceilings -or- an illusionistic architectural setting for narrative frescos by other painters.

Genre painting

scenes of everyday life ex: children playing on the street

painting cycle

series of paintings on walls

Disegno

the design of a painting seen in terms of drawing, which formed the basis of all art. (The term stresses not the literal drawing, but the concept behind an artwork. With the Mannerists the term came to mean an ideal image that a work attempts to embody but can in fact never fully realize. As disegno appeals to the intellect, it was considered far more important that coloure, which was seen as appealing to the senses and emotions.)

Iconography

the images and symbolic representations that are traditionally associated with a person or a subject

Impasto

the process or technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface.

The main alternative to Colore (colorito)

was Disegno, (which favored the art of drawing over colorism)

Realism included these aspects of objective analytical comparison:

• Space • Time • Psychology • Emotion & Realism