Basic Life
Clinical death
0 - 1 min. - cardiac irritability 1 - 4 min. - brain damaged not likely 4 - 6 min. - brain damage possible
Five Emergency Action Principle
1. SURVEY THE SCENE 2. ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA) 3. INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM 4. SECONDARY ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM 5. REFERRAL FOR FURTHER EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
CPR sequence
Compression, airway, breathing
FBAOM
Foreign body airway obstruction management
respiratory system
Ventilation - Passage of air into and out of the lungs Inspiration - Inhalation or breathing in Expiration - Exhalation or breathing out Respiration - Actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
is a series of assessments and interventions using techniques and maneuvers made to bring victims of cardiac and respiratory arrest back to life.
types of airway obstructions:
1. ANATOMICAL OBSTRUCTION 2. MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION
THREE KINDS OF LIFE SUPPORT
1. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) A set of emergency procedures that consist of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest 2. ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) A set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest 3. PROLONGED LIFE SUPPORT (PLS) For post resuscitative and long term resuscitation with the use of adjunctive equipment
Classification of Obstruction
1. MILD OBSTRUCTION Good air exchange Responsive and can cough forcefully May wheeze between coughs. 2. SEVERE OBSTRUCTION • Poor or no air exchange • Weak or ineffective cough or no cough at all • High-pitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all • Increased respiratory difficulty • Cyanotic (turning blue) • Unable to speak
Ways to Ventilate the lungs
1. Mouth-to-Mouth 2. Mouth-to-Nose 3. Mouth-to-Mouth and Nose 4. Mouth-to-Stoma 5. Mouth-to-Face Shield 6. Mouth-to-Mask 7. Bag Valve Mask Device
causes of respiratory arrest
1. Obstruction 1.1 Anatomical 1.2 Mechanical 2. Diseases 2.1 Bronchitis 2.2 Pneumonia 2.3 COPD 2.4 Diphtheria 3. Other causes 3.1 Electrocution 3.2 Circulatory Collapse 3.3 Strangulation 3.4 Chest Compression by other physical force 3.5 Drowning 3.6 Poisoning 3.7 Suffocation
When not to start CPR
1. Patient has a valid DNAR (Do Not Attempt Resuscitation) order. 2. Patient has signs of irreversible death (Rigor Mortis, Decapitation, Dependent Lividity). 3. No physiological benefit can be expected because the vital functions have deteriorated as in septic or cardiogenic shock.
When to start cpr
1. Unconscious/Unresponsive 2. Not breathing or has no normal breathing (only gasping) 3. No definite pulse
Biological death
6 - 10 min. - brain damaged very likely over 10 min. - irreversible brain damaged
Types of BLS Training Courses
A. Basic 1. BLS Training for Healthcare Providers (HCP) 2. BLS Training for Lay Rescuers (LR) B. Training of Trainers (TOT) C. Refresher Course
Abdominal Thrust
An emergency procedure for removing a foreign object lodged in the airway that is preventing a person from breathing.
ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
Call First and CPR First Both trained and untrained bystanders should be instructed to Activate Medical Assistance
Survey The Scene
Elements of the Survey the Scene • Scene safety. • Mechanism of injury or nature of illness. • Take standard precautions. • Determine the number of patients • Consider additional/specialized resources
DO A PRIMARY ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM
In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim's life.
rescue breathing
Is a technique of delivering air into a person's lungs to supply him/her with the oxygen needed to survive.
DO A SECONDARY ASSESSMENT OF THE VICTIM
It is a systematic method of gathering additional information about injuries or conditions that may need care. a. interview the victim b. check vital signs c. head to toe examination
REFERRAL OF THE VICTIM FOR FURTHER EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT
It refers to the transfer of a victim to hospital or advanced health care facility for a definitive treatment.
AED
automated external defibrillator
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Foreign body airway obstruction
is a condition when solid material like chunked foods, coins, vomitus, small toys etc. are blocking the airway
respiratory arrest
when breathing completely stops
Sign of Choking
wherein the victim is clutching his/her neck with one or both hands and gasping for breath.
CAB Compression
• CIRCULATION represents a heart that is actively pumping blood, most often recognized by the presence of a pulse in the neck (or other peripheral pulses) • Assume there is NO CIRCULATION if the following exist: Unresponsive, Not breathing, Not moving and Poor skin color (cyanotic) • ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) - sign of life
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves • Two major functions - communication and control • Lets a person be aware of and react to the environment • Coordinates the body's responses to stimuli and keeps body systems working together
Circulatory System
• Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood • Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removes waste products
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Delivers oxygen to the body • Removes carbon dioxide from the body
Healthcare Providers (HCP)
• Medical • Allied-medical professionals
Lay Rescuer (LR)
• Non-medical personnel ✓Provided that they can understand the medium of instruction ✓Able to perform the skills requirement
Basic Life Support
• Policy: Administrative Order (A.O.) 155 s. 2004 "The Basic Life Support (BLS) Training is mandatory to all health workers" • Disaster Risk Reduction Management in Health (DRRM-H) Goal: "At least one member of each household shall be trained in BLS" • RA 10871: "Basic Life Support Training in Schools Act" An act requiring basic education students to undergo age-appropriate basic life support training.
CHEST THRUST
❖ To be used for: Obviously pregnant and Very obese patient.
Information to remember
➢ WHAT happened? ➢ LOCATION? ➢ NUMBER of Persons Injured? ➢ EXTENT of Injury and First Aid given? ➢ The TELEPHONE no. from where you are calling? ➢ PERSON who activated Medical Assistance must identify him/herself and drop the phone last
