Ch 4 and 5 Homework
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
"Goose bumps" are formed
Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum
2,5,4,1,3
Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane (from superficial to deep)?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
All new growth in the length of the hair shaft occurs at
Hair matrix
Mammary glands are modified
Sweat glands
One of the key features of epithelial tissue that differentiates it from the other three types of tissue is
The density of the tissue, with cells connected very closely
You have damaged your knee playing soccer, specifically the cartilage structure between the bones called the meniscus, and no tissue other than the cartilage has been damaged. Your doctor tells you that it will be many months before you might be able to return to soccer after surgery. What is the best explanation for this?
There is slow healing because of a normal lack of blood supply to cartilage
Which statement is true for merocrine sweat glands?
They are more numerous than apocrine sweat glands
Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from
Ultraviolet radiation
A hair shaft is made of
Varying densities and consistencies of keratin
A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is
Whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not
The most diverse tissues of the body are
connective tissues
The dermis is composed largely of
dense irregular connective
Damaged skin cells are usually shed in sheets because the cells are held together by
desmosomes
Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a
duct
Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the
epidermis
A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as
first degree
Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?
first degree
During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?
granulation tissue
Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?
provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury
The type of epithelium found lining the trachea is
pseudostratified columnar
The process of tissue repair where damaged tissue is replaced or repaired to restore normal function is called
regeneration
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature
Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands?
simple cubodial
The type of epithelium that is found in the exchange surfaces of the lungs is
simple squamous
A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it
stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis
Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of epithelial cells?
stratified
If you had a genetic disorder resulting in a lack of functional mast cells, you would have a problem with
A response to tissue injury
Milk production from mammary glands is an example of what type of secretion?
Apocrine
The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.
Apocrine
Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?
Bone tissue
Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly?
Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury
Approximately 70-80 percent of cancers in the aging population are the result of
Chemical exposure or environmental factors
The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the
Dermis
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
Dilating blood vessels
Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?
He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat
The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?
Holocrine
Which of the following is a type of secretion in which cells become packed with secretions and then burst apart and die?
Holocrine
Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?
Increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis
Simple squamous epithelium would be found
Lining blood vessels
The function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is
Lubrication
Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in
Monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis
Which of the following may occur with aging?
More fragile connective tissue
Which feature is true for muscle tissue?
Muscle cells contain actin and myosin filaments
You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn.
No growth of hair in the damaged skin area
Which statement is true about nervous tissue?
Not all nervous tissue is located within the brain and spinal cord
Smoking damages the epithelial lining of the trachea, larynx, and airways of the respiratory system. Which problem would be related to this kind of damage?
Respiratory infections
The subcutaneous layer consists of
areolar and adipose tissue
Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
Which cells of connective tissue proper release chemicals that mobilize the immune system?
macrophages
Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues?
Extra cellular matrix
The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.
Reticular
This connective tissue is found in organs with an open meshwork of thin collagen fibers-the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It facilitates diffusion and cell movements.
Reticular connective tissue
During regeneration, fibroblasts produce a dense network of collagen fibers known as ________ tissue.
Scar
As an adolescent looking at pimples on your face, you think about what they are. You decide that they are related to ________ on your skin.
Sebum
Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?
Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid
The type(s) of muscle cell that has/have the ability to divide, and regenerate after injury, is/are ________ muscle(s).
Smooth
If you were looking at connective tissue in the microscope, you would notice
Spaces between cells
Functions of connective tissue include
Storage of energy reserves
Neuroglial cells are
Supporting cells around the neurons