Ch 4 and 5 Homework

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

"Goose bumps" are formed

Choose the correct order of the cell layers, or strata, in a section of thick skin, from the basement membrane toward the free surface (deep to superficial). 1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum granulosum 5. stratum spinosum

2,5,4,1,3

Which of the following is the correct order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane (from superficial to deep)?

Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

All new growth in the length of the hair shaft occurs at

Hair matrix

Mammary glands are modified

Sweat glands

One of the key features of epithelial tissue that differentiates it from the other three types of tissue is

The density of the tissue, with cells connected very closely

You have damaged your knee playing soccer, specifically the cartilage structure between the bones called the meniscus, and no tissue other than the cartilage has been damaged. Your doctor tells you that it will be many months before you might be able to return to soccer after surgery. What is the best explanation for this?

There is slow healing because of a normal lack of blood supply to cartilage

Which statement is true for merocrine sweat glands?

They are more numerous than apocrine sweat glands

Melanin serves to protect cells in the deeper layers of the epidermis from

Ultraviolet radiation

A hair shaft is made of

Varying densities and consistencies of keratin

A difference between mucous membranes and serous membranes is

Whether the cavity is open to the exterior or not

The most diverse tissues of the body are

connective tissues

The dermis is composed largely of

dense irregular connective

Damaged skin cells are usually shed in sheets because the cells are held together by

desmosomes

Exocrine secretions are discharged onto some external or internal body surface through a

duct

Thin skin is defined by the thickness of the

epidermis

A burn that destroys only the superficial cells of the epidermis, such as a mild sunburn, is classified as

first degree

Which type of burn appears inflamed and feels tender but has no blisters?

first degree

During the regeneration process of the skin after an injury, what is the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network called?

granulation tissue

Which of the following is the function of hair associated with a nerve fiber?

provides an early-warning system that may help prevent injury

The type of epithelium found lining the trachea is

pseudostratified columnar

The process of tissue repair where damaged tissue is replaced or repaired to restore normal function is called

regeneration

Functions of the skin include

regulating body temperature

Which type of epithelium secretes enzymes and buffers in the pancreas and salivary glands?

simple cubodial

The type of epithelium that is found in the exchange surfaces of the lungs is

simple squamous

A small amount of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial because it

stimulates vitamin D3 synthesis in the epidermis

Which of the following is a term used to describe the number of layers of epithelial cells?

stratified

If you had a genetic disorder resulting in a lack of functional mast cells, you would have a problem with

A response to tissue injury

Milk production from mammary glands is an example of what type of secretion?

Apocrine

The glands that begin discharging a sticky, cloudy, and potentially odorous secretion at puberty are called ________ glands.

Apocrine

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

Bone tissue

Why does damaged cartilage heal slowly?

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury

Approximately 70-80 percent of cancers in the aging population are the result of

Chemical exposure or environmental factors

The highly vascular layer of the skin, which provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow, is the

Dermis

When the body is overheated, the skin responds by

Dilating blood vessels

Your 86-year-old grandfather and you have been out in the midday heat of summer (92 degrees F). Your grandfather becomes dizzy and thinks that he might faint. He also appears to be confused about what is going on. What conclusion can you draw from this scenario?

He has heat exhaustion, related to not being able to eliminate excess body heat

The lipid in oil glands is released through which type of secretion?

Holocrine

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which cells become packed with secretions and then burst apart and die?

Holocrine

Which of the following is the function of the combination of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae?

Increase surface area for diffusion between the dermis and epidermis

Simple squamous epithelium would be found

Lining blood vessels

The function of the secretion of a sebaceous gland is

Lubrication

Nerve fibers in the dermis most likely function in

Monitoring sensory receptors in the dermis

Which of the following may occur with aging?

More fragile connective tissue

Which feature is true for muscle tissue?

Muscle cells contain actin and myosin filaments

You have been severely burned on the right arm in a house fire, but you are now recovering. The second- and third-degree burns have destroyed the epidermis and dermis of your arm. Predict the long-term consequences of this burn.

No growth of hair in the damaged skin area

Which statement is true about nervous tissue?

Not all nervous tissue is located within the brain and spinal cord

Smoking damages the epithelial lining of the trachea, larynx, and airways of the respiratory system. Which problem would be related to this kind of damage?

Respiratory infections

The subcutaneous layer consists of

areolar and adipose tissue

Which of the following conditions is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

Which cells of connective tissue proper release chemicals that mobilize the immune system?

macrophages

Which of the following accounts for most of the volume of connective tissues?

Extra cellular matrix

The ________ layer of the dermis contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin, and is responsible for the mechanical strength and flexibility of the skin.

Reticular

This connective tissue is found in organs with an open meshwork of thin collagen fibers-the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. It facilitates diffusion and cell movements.

Reticular connective tissue

During regeneration, fibroblasts produce a dense network of collagen fibers known as ________ tissue.

Scar

As an adolescent looking at pimples on your face, you think about what they are. You decide that they are related to ________ on your skin.

Sebum

Why are injections administered in the hypodermis when administering drugs using a hypodermic needle?

Since it is vascularized, the hypodermis can absorb a lot of fluid

The type(s) of muscle cell that has/have the ability to divide, and regenerate after injury, is/are ________ muscle(s).

Smooth

If you were looking at connective tissue in the microscope, you would notice

Spaces between cells

Functions of connective tissue include

Storage of energy reserves

Neuroglial cells are

Supporting cells around the neurons