BCOMM Test 2
Hiring/Placement Interviews
One-on-one Panel Group Lunch/dinner interview Sequential Stress Online
Toulmin's rhetoric strategy
Claim Data Warrant
What makes a good subject line
Clear Brief Specific
major types of interview questions
Common Behavioral Random/Creative
Tell me about yourself
Common first question. Answer: talk about your work background, skills, and interests and relate them to how well they fit the job.
Internal communication
Communication between people inside the business
Feedback in writing
Focus on the product Determine how much feedback is need Inquire about the format of the feedback Know that "common proofreading marks" are Not common Not understood Not easy to email
Screening
Phone Online - more and more . Job fairs Texting Messaging through a platform like LinkedIn
texting best practices with recruiters
Response promptly (within 12 hours) Proofread carefully Remember EVERYTHING is an interview
Steps of paraphrasing
1. Sentence stem 2. recall content and time 3. translate key content into own words 4. confirm accuracy *order can change
message appearance
1.Subject line 2.Greeting & Opening 3.Body 4.Closing 5.Sign-off
Logos in business writing
Logos - Be logical By appealing to logic, writers persuade
Direct strategy messages
Routine Messages • Neutral Messages • Good News • Reader Needs (unlikely or unable to read the whole message) • Position of Hierarchical Power
SPIKES method
S Setting up the interview or appointment P Assessing recipient perception & prepare I Obtaining the person's invitation K "Need to know" giving information E Empathy - addressing the patient's emotions S Strategy and summary
Different types of interviews
Screening Hiring/Placement
STAR
Situation Task Action Result
emphasis
Special importance, value, or prominence given to something.
Organization
Standard Elements Intro, body, conclusion Correct approach Direct or indirect Clear pattern
Why cite sources?
To give credit to the original author and to use other people's work without plagiarizing. -Citation are helpful to anyone who wants to find out more about your ideas and where they came from. -Not all sources are good or right. It distinguishes your ideas from other sources. -It shows the amount of research you have done and strengthens your work.
behavioral interview
Type of interview that focuses on how applicants previously handled real situations.
Semi colon
a punctuation mark (;) indicating a pause, typically between two main clauses, that is more pronounced than that indicated by a comma. Theresa was late to the meeting; her computer had frozen and she was stuck at her desk until a tech rep came to fix it.
situational interview
a structured interview in which the interviewer describes a situation likely to arise on the job, then asks the candidate what he or she would do in that situation
confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
block format
all parts of a letter (including paragraphs) begin at the left margin
written communication
any communication that must be read
Content
appropriate for the document answers the central questions who, what, when, where, why, how
white space
areas on a page with no text or graphics; designed to provide a visual break and to give other elements on the page a greater impact; also known as negative space
nonverbal communication
communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech
verbal communication
expressing ideas to others by using spoken words
external communication
flows between people inside and outside the organization
oral communication
includes face-to-face discussion, telephone conversations, and formal presentations and speeches
Parallelism: Lists
is easier for the reader to process. The reader's eye (and ear) is primed for the pattern of the information
Who determines if a source/message sender is credible?
it is the receiver of the message who in the end determines how credible the message is
open and close an email professionally
open with proper salutations close with a signature
formal writing
professional expression emphasizes rules, regulations, and order
Jargon
special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.
Five steps for evaluation
1. Understand the assignment. 2. Evaluate how well the writing carries out the assignment. 3. Evaluate assertions. 4. Check facts. 5. Look for errors.
Providing feedback
1. Model being a good learner. 2. Balance receiver's feelings with needed feedback. 3. Ask your receivers how to give them feedback
Sans Serif Font
A style of text that lacks hooks (or feet) on the ends of the letters. Most desirable for projection since the text is easier to read
Serif Font
A type face whose characters have small lines or flourishes at the end points of letters. Serif fonts include Times New Roman, Georgia, and Palatino.
Indirect strategy
An organizational strategy that describes placing the main idea later in a message, after the details, explanation, or evidence; used when the writer expects the reader to be uninterested, unwilling, displeased, or hostile.
Bureaucratic writing style
Attached is the latest delivery data represented in topographical forms pursuant to the directive ABC123 of the air transportation guide supplied by the Federal Aviation Administration in September of 2008.
Indirect messages
Bad News • Readers Resistant • Explanations Needed Reasons Matter (unlikely to be read if in the middle) • Less Hierarchical or Organizational Power
What are the 10 Cs of business communication
Complete Concise Clear Conversational Correct Coherent Credible Complete Courteous Considerate
Style
Content Organization Word Choice Grammatical Structures
Four areas for revision
Content Style Organization Readability
Egocentrism
the inability to see the world through anyone else's eyes
Ethos in business writing
Ethos - Be credible By appealing to credibility,writers make their claims more believable
Active voice
Expresses an action done by its subject. Use active-voice for clear expression. Zombies killed Bob
What are fallacies in writing?
Fallacies or rhetorical tricks deceive your audience with their style, drama, or pattern, but add little to your document in terms of substance
casual writing
Familiar, everyday expressions doesn't emphasize hierarchy or social rank
six basic qualities of good business writing
Follows the rules Is easy to read attracts the reader meets the reader's expectations is clear and concise is efficient and effective
Reading a document
Grasp the meaning Come away with feeling Get the main idea mostly
Informal writing style
Here's the delivery data for last month.
colloqial writing
Informal, conversational style May use slang or local expressions
Direct Opening
Know your audience They get confused with multiple points? Make one point. They like short messages? Send short messages.
Written Communication Advantages
Message can be revised several times Permanent record that can be saved Message stays the same even if relayed through many people Receiver has more time to analyze the message
Pathos in business writing
Pathos - Appeal to emotions By appealing to emotions,writers persuade
Analyzing a document
Pay close attention Come away with more recall of the facts Be able to question or challenge the concepts
Formal Writing Style
Please note the attached delivery data for July 2009.
PARL
Problem Actions Results Learning
Oral Communication Advantages
Questions can be asked and answered Feedback is immediate and direct More persuasive
Readability
Reader comprehension Use Grammarly
Sociocentrism
The assumption that one's own social group is inherently superior to all others.
Passive voice
The subject of the sentence receives the action. Use passive-voice to be tactful, to de-emphasize bad news, or hide who committed the action. Bob was killed by zombies.
Conversational tone
The tone used in most business communication; it uses plain language that sounds businesslike without being stuffy at one extreme or too laid-back and informal at the other extreme.
Colon :
This is what I think: you need to revise your paper.
pt 2
Three main options: 1. Appreciation - specific thanks and appreciation 2. Coaching - growth oriented responses 3. Evaluation - comparing
headings
Titles that are often bold and in a larger and different font than the body text.
Why is it important to evaluate your sources
Users must be able to critically evaluate the appropriateness of all types of information sources prior to relying on the information
What is plagiarism?
Using another person's work without giving proper credit to that person
Visual Hierarchy
Using design techniques to carry the viewer's eye from one component to the next; helps the audience process information in design and what is most important
How do you determine when to use informal v. formal/bureaucratic style
We want to save time and focus on the content and application of creative ideas. We don't typically have the luxury to spend time on the creative expression of our creative ideas.
When to Use the Direct Strategy
When the audience will be Pleased • Somewhat interested • Neutral • Unlikely or unable to read the whole message Sender Status: More Hierarchical Power
When to use indirect strategy
When the audience will be: Displeased/disappointed • Uninterested • Hostile • Unlikely to read reasons if in the middle Sender Status: Less Hierarchical Power
Direct strategy
When the purpose for writing is presented close to the beginning of a report Main idea Reasons Pleasant conversation
IM or Text Message Channel
When to Choose: Informal use among peers at similar levels within an organization You need a fast, inexpensive connection with a colleague over a small issue and limited amount of information
Memo Channel
When to Choose: You need to communicate a general message within an organization
Email Channel
When to Choose: You need to communicate but time is not the most important consideration You need to send attachments (provided their file size is not too big)
Letter Channel
When to Choose: You need to inform, persuade, deliver bad news or negative message, and document the communication
Fax Channel
When to Choose: You want to send a document whose format must remain intact as presented, such as a medical prescription or a signed work order Allows use of letterhead to represent your company
Proposal Channel
When to choose: You need to persuade an audience with complex arguments and data
Report Channel
When to choose: You need to document the relationship(s) between large amounts of data to inform an internal or external audience
disadvantages of negative news in writing
You don't know where it "ends up" You can't adjust your methods You can't control the reactions as well You can't determine if it's "bad" or "good" news because you can't get immediate feedback
when to cite and reference
You use direct quotations You use arguable information that is not your opinion You use information that is not common knowledge The opinions and assertions of others Any information you did not generate yourself
bypassing
a communication problem that arises when the same words mean different things to different people All that difference allows for both source and receiver to completely miss one another's intended goal."
paralellism
the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc.