Bill of Rights

Convicted

Being found by a court to have committed a crime

Double Jeopardy

Being tried twice for the same crime

2nd Amendment

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the People to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed

Hate Crime

Acts of violence toward a group because of race, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation

Rights of the Accused

Amendments 4-8

Warrant

An order from a judge that authorizes police or other officials to take a certain action, such as searching someone's property

Sexual harassment

Any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive working environment

9th Amendment

Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

Militia

Civilians trained as soldiers but not part of the regular army

Establishment Clause

Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion

1st Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances

Defense

Defendant and his legal advisors collectively

8th Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted

4th Amendment

Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause

Acquited

Pronounced not guilty of criminal charges

Cruel or unusual punishment

Punishment that does not fit the nature of the crime

Seminary Teachers

Religious School Teachers

Tuition

Money paid for instruction at a private school or college

3rd Amendment

No quartering of Soldiers

Perjury

False testimony under oath

Slander

False, oral statement that damages a person's reputation or character

Free Exercise Clause

First Amendment guarantee that citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice

3 Basic Needs

Food, shelter, clothing

Indictment

Formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense

Impartial

Free from undue bias or preconceived opinions

Prosecution

Government body that brings a criminal charge against a defendant who is accused of breaking one of its laws

Due Process

Government must follow the same fair rules in all cases brought to trial

Jury of Peers

Group of ordinary citizens who hear the case and decide whether the accused person is innocent or guilty

Loiter

Hang around or linger

Separation of Church & State

Idea that the government and religion should be separate, and not interfere in each other's affairs. In the United States, this idea is based on the First Amendment to the US Constitution, which states that the government cannot make any laws to establish a state religion or prohibit the free exercise of religion

Law-abiding Citizen

Person who does not break the law

Civil Case

Lawsuit brought against one person or group to enforce or protect a private right; prevent a private wrong (tort); or obtain compensation for a private wrong (tort). This is different from a criminal case, which involves the committing of a crime, or public wrong

Eminent Domain

Right of the state to take private property for public use

6th Amendment

Right to a speedy and public trial. right to a fair jury. right to know what you are being accused of. right to see/hear witnesses against you. right to have a witness to help defend you. right to a lawyer

7th Amendment

Right to a trial by jury in civil cases over $1,500 today

5th Amendment

Right to grand jury, indictment, no double jeopardy, freedom from self-incrimination, due process of law

Miranda Rights

Rights possessed by persons who are arrested by the police. (Remain silent, Attorney, etc.)

Unenumerated

Rights that are not expressly mentioned in the written text of a constitution but instead are inferred from the language, history, and structure of the constitution, or cases interpreting it

Hammurabi's Code

Set of 282 laws governing daily life in Babylon. The earliest known collection of written laws

Self Incrimination

Situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court. The Fifth Amendment forbids self-incrimination

Defendant

Someone who has been accused of committing a crime

Bail

Sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial

Quartering

Term refers to the housing and feeding of soldiers

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people

Probable Cause

The situation occurring when the police have reason to believe that a person should be arrested. In making the arrest, the police are allowed legally to search for and seize incriminating evidence.

Terroristic Threats

Threatening to commit any crime of violence with the purpose of terrorizing another, causing the evacuation of a building or facility of public transportation, with reckless disregard of causing such terror

Libel

Written untruths that are harmful to someone's reputation