Bio 002 Final Exam Review
All of the biological molecules listed below contain high-energy phosphate bonds. Which one is the key driver of most phosphorylation reactions and the transfer of metabolic energy? [think what the P means in this case] glucose-P creatine-P acetyl-P adenosine-P3 None of the above
adenosine-P3
A cell takes in energy from its environment, in the form of: food inorganic molecules photons of light from the sun all of these answers none of these answers
all of these answers
Which of the following chemical groups do all amino acids have in common? carboxyl group hydrocarbon tail None of these answers aromatic ring group methyl group
carboxyl group
Long polymers are made from single subunits in cells using a ___________ reaction, which ___________ water. hydrolysis; releases condensation; releases condensation; uses None of these answers hydrolysis; uses
condensation; releases
(Q032) The inactivation of one X chromosome is established by the directed spreading of heterochromatin. The silent state of this chromosome is __________ in the subsequent cell divisions. completed switched erased maintained
maintained
Select all that apply. Which of the following components make up an antibody? light chains heavy chains antigen binding site disulfide bonds
light chains heavy chains antigen binding site disulfide bonds
Match each of the pairs to their definition scramblases remove randomly selected phosphol�ipids from one half of the lipid bilayer and insert them in the other flippases These enzymes remove specific phospholipids from the side of the bilayer facing the exterior space and flip them into the monol�ayer that faces the cytosol floppases These enzymes remove specific phospholipids from the monol�ayer that faces the cytosol and flips them into the to the side of the bilayer facing the exterior space
remove
Which of the following combination of number of carbons and double bonds of a phospholipid yield the highest mobility? 14 carbons with two double bonds 24 carbons with one double bond 20 carbons with two double bonds 16 carbons with no double bonds 20 carbons with no double bonds
14 carbons with two double bonds
Interphase chromosomes are about __________ times less compact than mitotic chromosomes, but still are about __________ times more compact than a DNA molecule in its extended form. 20; 500 10; 100 500; 20 20; 20
20; 500
The human genome is a diploid genome. However, when germ-line cells produce gametes, these specialized cells are haploid. What is the total number of chromosomes found in each of the gametes (egg or sperm) in your body? 22 23 44 46 48
23
(Q033) The small molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP) takes about 0.2 second to diffuse 10 ìm, on average, in a cell. Suppose that cAMP is produced near the plasma membrane on one end of the cell; how long will it take for this cAMP to diffuse through the cytosol and reach the opposite end of a very large cell, on average? Assume that the cell is 200 ìm in diameter. 4 seconds 16 seconds 80 seconds 200 seconds
4 seconds
How many electrons in the atom's outer shell below? Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon. 5, 4, 6, and 1. 2, 3, 1, and 4. 3, 4, 2, and 1. 6, 5, 1, and 4.
6, 5, 1, and 4.
Which amino acids have side chains that are positively charged? Arginine Answer Lysine Histidine Aspartic Acid
Arginine Answer Lysine Histidine
Midterm 1
Midterm 1
Midterm 2
Midterm 2
The end carrying the amino group is called the amino terminus, or __ and the end carrying the free carboxyl group is the carboxyl terminus, or __. N-terminus, C-terminus C-terminus, N-terminus A-terminus, N-terminus A-terminus, C-terminus
N-terminus, C-terminus
Which of the following monomer building blocks is necessary to assemble selectively permeable boundaries around and inside cells? Sugars None of the above Nucleotides Amino acids Fatty acids
Fatty acids
Which specific motor protein generates the forces responsible for muscle contraction and most other eukaryotic cell movements? They also power the intracellular movements of organelles and macromolecules. For example, they help move chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell during mitosis GTP GDP ATP ADP
GTP
A ____ is often defined as a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a particular protein or RNA molecule. The total genetic information carried by all the chromosomes in a cell or organism constitutes its _____. Gene, Genome Genome, Gene Gene, Chromosome No answer text provided.
Gene, Genome
How are cells able to emerge from the ER with an evenly scrambled set of phospholipids? Golgi apparatus and flippases Peroxisomes Cytosol Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus and flippases
Which interaction is most important in enhancing the solubility of macromolecules in water? hydrophobic interactions nonpolar covalent bond H bonds van der Waals forces
H bonds
When an OH- combines with a proton to form a water molecule, the increase of OH- concentration causes a decrease in? NA+ Concentration OH- Concentration H- Concentration H+ Concentration
H+ Concentration
A molecule of DNA consists of two long polynucleotide chains. Each chain, or strand, is composed of four types of nucleotide subunits, and the two strands are held together by which type of bonds? Covelant bonds Hydrogen Bonds Ionic Bonds Van der Walls
Hydrogen Bonds
Pick the types of covalent bonds. (all that apply) Non-polar Sulfide Polar Di-sulfide
Non-polar and Polar
Select all that apply. Which of the following is not an activated for of the carrier? [REDOX Reactions section] ATP NADH FADH2 Acetyl CoA None of the above
None of the above
Genome size does not precisely determine gene number, as illustrated in the table. What is a plausible explanation as to why A. thaliana, a plant, has a similarly sized genome as the fruit fly, but twice the number of protein-coding genes? -Flies are more complex organisms with neural behaviors. -Flies are motile and must need more genes for movement. -Plants have fewer genes that were duplicated during evolution. -Plants have more repeated noncoding DNA sequences. -None of these
None of these
Which terms are equal? In a Venn diagram they would be fully overlapping! -None of these -Bacteria -Eukarya -Prokaryotes -Archaea
None of these
In the early stages of a bacterial infection, the carbohydrate on the surface of white blood cells called neutrophils is recognized by a _________ on the cells lining the blood vessels at the site of infection; this recognition causes the neutrophils to adhere to the blood vessel wall and then migrate from the bloodstream into the infected tissue, where they help destroy the invading bacteria Lectin Myosin Actin Fluorescently labeled proteins None of the above
Lectin
Which of the following statements is true? -When lipids and water are mixed, it is the water molecules that isolate themselves into droplets. -Lipids are nonpolar and will not dissolve in water. -Polar substances are able to pass through a plasma membrane more readily than nonpolar substances. -All portions of a phospholipid molecule found in a membrane are classified as nonpolar.
Lipids are nonpolar and will not dissolve in water.
Most ___________ are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called __________. molecules, monomers monomers, molecules monomers, macromolecules Macromolecules, monomers
Macromolecules, monomers
The term ______ can be defined as the addition of oxygen atoms to a molecule and _____ involves the addition of electrons to an atom. Oxidation, Reduction Oxidation, Respiration Reduction, Oxidation Respiration, Oxidation
Oxidation, Reduction
Of the bonds learned in this chapter, which specific type of bonds hold adjacent amino acids together? Ionic bonds Hydrogen Bonds Peptide bonds Covelant bonds
Peptide bonds
What would happen if an anaerobic organism was exposed to oxygen? -The organism would grow faster -The organism would die -Nothing -The organism would use the oxygen to oxidize food molecules
The organism would die
Why is the oxidation of NADPH energetically favorable? The reduced form of NADPH is more stable than the oxidized form. NADPH is the form of the molecule that can gain two high-energy electrons. The biosynthetic reactions that are coupled to NADPH oxidation are energetically favorable. ]Oxidation of NADPH breaks a high-energy phosphoanhydride bond. None of these answers The oxidized form, NADP+, is more stable than the reduced form NADPH
The oxidized form, NADP+, is more stable than the reduced form NADPH
Photosynthetic bacteria do not contain chloroplasts. -True -False Impossible to determine
True
In fatty acids, the phospholipid bilayer is composed of? Two hydrophobic fatty acid tails joined to a hydrophilic head One hydrophobic fatty acid tails joined to a hydrophilic head Two hydrophobic fatty acid tails joined to a hydrophobic head
Two hydrophobic fatty acid tails joined to a hydrophilic head
Select all that apply & think it through. Which statement is true of hydrophobic molecules? None of these answers They form few or no hydrogen bonds. They are generally uncharged. They mix well with water. They are typically hydrocarbons.
They form few or no hydrogen bonds. They are generally uncharged They are typically hydrocarbons.
Reactions that build larger molecules in the cell are called ___________; reactions that break down molecules into smaller ones are called ___________. catabolic; anabolic anabolic; metabolic anabolic; catabolic metabolic; anabolic None of these answers
anabolic; catabolic
(Q021) Membrane proteins, like membrane lipids, can move laterally by exchanging positions with other membrane components. Which type of membrane protein is expected to be the least mobile, based on their function? channels anchors receptors enzymes
anchors
(Q014) The world of prokaryotes is divided into two domains (bacteria and archaea), each as different from each other as from eukaryotes. Select the observable characteristic that BEST separates archaea from bacteria. You Answered can metabolize inorganic substances are found in extremely harsh environments thrive in anaerobic conditions are photosynthetic organisms
are found in extremely harsh environments
(Q030) The equilibrium constant for complex formation between molecules A and B will depend on their relative concentrations, as well as the rates at which the molecules associate and dissociate. The association rate will be larger than the dissociation rate when complex formation is favorable. The energy that drives this process is referred to as __________ energy. dissociation association binding releasing
binding
Which of the following BEST describes the the functional characteristics of the lysosome? -clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules -the storage of excess macromolecules -transport of material to the Golgi apparatus -sorting of transport vesicles -storage of genetic material
clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules
(Q016) Which of the following is NOT a feature commonly observed in β sheets? antiparallel regions coiled-coil patterns extended polypeptide backbone parallel regions
coiled-coil patterns
In cells, macromolecules are synthesized by __reactions and broken down by __ reactions condensation, hydrolysis hydrolysis, condensation phosphorylation, hydrolysis phosphorylation, dephosphorylation
condensation, hydrolysis
Which of the following covalent bonds would be considered nonpolar? covalent bond between O and H (O-H) covalent bond between N and H (N-H) None of the above covalent bond between H and H (H-H) covalent bond between Cl and H (Cl-H)
covalent bond between H and H (H-H)
Which of the following covalent bonds would be considered nonpolar? covalent bond between N and H (N-H) covalent bond between O and H (O-H) none of the these answers covalent bond between O and O (O=O)
covalent bond between O and O (O=O)
(Q020) Protein structures have several different levels of organization. The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence. The secondary and tertiary structures are more complicated. Consider the definitions below and select the one that best fits the term "protein domain." a small cluster of α helices and β sheets the tertiary structure of a substrate-binding pocket a complex of more than one polypeptide chain a protein segment that folds independently
a protein segment that folds independently
A proton in water is ______________ by a base. donated repelled neutralized None of these answers accepted
accepted
(Q036) Choose the answer that best fits the following statement: Cholesterol is an essential component of biological membranes. Although it is much smaller than the typical phospholipids and glycolipids in the membrane, it is a/an __________ molecule, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. polar oxygen-containing hydrophobic amphipathic
amphipathic
The endothelial cells found closest to the site of an infection, express proteins called lectins. Each lectin binds to a particular __________ that is presented on the surface of a target cell. aminophospholipid oligosaccharide polysaccharide sphingolipid
oligosaccharide
The noble gasses are the most stable and unreactive atoms which have ___ full outer shell equal number of protons and electrons only covalent bonds full inner shell equal number of neutron and electrons
full outer shell
(Q026) The N-terminal tail of histone H3 can be extensively modified, and depending on the number, location, and combination of these modifications, these changes may promote the formation of heterochromatin. What is the result of heterochromatin formation? increase in gene expression gene silencing recruitment of remodeling complexes displacement of histone H1
gene silencing
(Q008) The complete set of information in an organism's DNA is called its genetic code. coding sequence. gene. genome.
genome.
Many motor proteins generate directional movement by using the ___ of a tightly bound ATP molecule to drive an orderly series of conformational changes hydrolysis phosphorylation methylation acetylation
hydrolysis
(Q025) The pH of an aqueous solution is an indication of the concentration of available protons. However, you should not expect to find lone protons in solution; rather, the proton is added to a water molecule to form a/an __________ ion. hydroxide ammonium chloride hydronium
hydronium
In a semipermeable membrane, the phosphate head facing toward the water is considered __ while the lipid tails facing away from the water is considered __ hypotonic, hypertonic hypertonic, hypotonic hydrophobic, hydrophilic hydrophilic, hydrophobic
hydrophilic, hydrophobic
For the activated carrier ATP what is the the group with high-energy linkage? phosphate carboxyl group methyl group acetyl group glucose hydrogen and electrons
phosphate
This type of bond is storage for a readily available source of energy that cells use to drive reactions. hydrogen peptide phosphoanhydride phosphodiester None of these answers
phosphoanhydride
The four histones that make up the octamer are proteins, with a high proportion of ___ amino acids, which help the histones bind tightly to the ___ sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA positively charged, negatively charged negatively charged, positively charged neutral, negatively charged You Answered neutral, positively charged
positively charged, negatively charged
(Complete the statement) Secondary structures of a protein are the.... regular, repeated folds present in a lowest energy conformation. temporary, unstable protein folding conformations. interactions between polar amino acid side chains. chemical modifications of amino acid side chains.
regular, repeated folds present in a lowest energy conformation.
(Q013) Complete the sentence with the best option provided below. The secondary structures of a protein are the regular, repeated folds present in a lowest energy conformation. temporary, unstable protein folding conformations. interactions between polar amino acid side chains. chemical modifications of amino acid side chains.
regular, repeated folds present in a lowest energy conformation.
(Q046) Macromolecules in the cell can often interact transiently as a result of noncovalent interactions. These weak interactions also produce stable, highly specific interactions between molecules. Which of the factors below is the most significant in determining whether the interaction will be transient or stable? the size of each molecule the concentration of each molecule the rate of synthesis surface complementarity between molecules
surface complementarity between molecules
(Q006) Select the option that BEST finishes the following statement: Evolution is a process that can be understood based on the principles of mutation and selection. that results from repeated cycles of adaptation over billions of years. by which all present-day cells arose from 4-5 different ancestral cells. that requires hundreds of thousands of years.
that can be understood based on the principles of mutation and selection.
__ types of noncovalent bonds help proteins fold One, hydrogen bonding Two, van der wals, hydrogen bonds Three, electrostatic interactions, van der wals, hydrogen bonds Four, Three, electrostatic interactions, van der wals, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds
three, electrostatic interactions, van der wals, hydrogen bonds
Materials are transported from one organelle to another by ... -transport vesicles. -Golgi apparatus -rough endoplasmic reticulum. -None of the above -smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
transport vesicles
The Cdc2 gene identified from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe was found to play a part in multiple events in the cell division cycle. What would likely happen to the S. pombe if a mutation inactivated the Cdc2 gene? -The mutation would have no effect on S. pombe -The mutation would cause S. pombe to uncontrollably divide -The S. pombe would become infectious and cause mutations in -other yeast population -The S. pombe would be unable to divide properly
-The S. pombe would be unable to divide properly
Which statement is true about mutations? -Mutations always result in a change for the better -A mutation is a result of sexual reproduction. -A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate offspring less fit for survival than their parents. -Mutations always result in a neutral change -Mutations always result in a change for the worse
A mutation is a change in the DNA that can generate offspring less fit for survival than their parents.
What occurs if a cell reproduces by replicating its DNA and then dividing in two, passing a copy of the genetic instructions encoded in its DNA to each of its daughter cells incorrectly? -Transformation -A mutation. -Evolution. -Conformation.
A mutation.
Another way of altering chromatin structure relies on the reversible chemical modification of the histones using covalent interactions. The tails of all four of the core histones are particularly subject to these covalent modifications. Which groups can be added to and removed from the tails by enzymes that reside in the nucleus? (Select all that apply) Acetyl groups Phosphate groups Methyl groups Adenine bases
Acetyl groups Phosphate groups Methyl groups
What forms the monomeric building blocks, or subunits, for larger organic molecules, including the most common constituents of almost all cells? Monosaccharides Amio Acids Fatty Acids Nucleotides
All
Which is part of the cell theory? -All living cells are formed by the growth and division of existing cells -a vast number of different polypeptide chains could be made from 20 different amino acids. -Mitochondria are thought to have originated when an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed by a larger pre-eukaryotic cell. -The coded genetic information hard-wired into DNA is transcribed into individual transportable cassettes, composed of messenger RNA (mRNA); each mRNA cassette contains the program for synthesis of a particular protein.
All living cells are formed by the growth and division of existing cells
Describe the function of microtubules. -Microtubules help distribute chromosomes in a dividing cell -Microtubules are involved in processes requiring motor movement -All of the above -Microtubules provide structure for the cell
All of the above
Explain why the it is thought that mitochondria are likely evolved from an engulfed prokaryotic cell. -Mitochondria are similar in size to prokaryotic cells -All of the above -Mitochondria have their own DNA -Mitochondria have a double membrane
All of the above
Which of the following are things to consider while selecting which model organism to use. -All of the above -Generation time -Easy to maintain and grow -Cost
All of the above
Which of the following statements about allostery is TRUE? Allosteric regulators are often products of other chemical reactions in the same biochemical pathway. Allosteric regulation is always used for negative regulation of enzyme activity. Enzymes are the only types of proteins that are subject to allosteric regulation. Binding of allosteric molecules usually locks an enzyme in its current conformation, such that the enzyme cannot adopt a different conformation.
Allosteric regulators are often products of other chemical reactions in the same biochemical pathway.
What is the fundamental unit of living matter? -Bacteria -RNA -Cells -Organelle -Viruses
Cells
Using a _______ microscope, a beam is focused onto a single point at a specific depth in the specimen, and a pinhole aperture in the detector allows only fluorescence emitted from this same point to be included in the image. Scanning the beam across the specimen generates a sharp image of the plane of focus—an optical section. -Bright Field -Confocal -Scanning Electron
Confocal
(Q034) Which species was the key model organism for the advancement of molecular biology (understanding DNA replication, decoding the DNA to make proteins, etc.)? E. coli D. melanogaster S. pombe C. elegans
E. coli
Strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), lose their protons ____. Acetic acid, on the other hand, is a weak acid because it holds on to its proton _____ when dissolved in water. Tightly, Easily Easily, tightly
Easily, tightly
What is the difference between a fluorescence microscope (FM) and a light microscope (LM)? -FM uses electrons and LM uses photons to illuminate structures -LM uses electrons and FM uses photons to illuminate structures -LM can resolve details up to 1 nm while FM can not -LM uses two sets of filters to isolate excitation and emission wavelengths of light -FM uses two sets of filters to isolate excitation and emission wavelengths of light
FM uses two sets of filters to isolate excitation and emission wavelengths of light
What can be used to measure the rate of lateral diffusion of a membrane protein FRAP SDS Triton-X None of the above
FRAP
_____ bonds are usually formed between atoms that can attain a completely filled outer shell most easily by donating electrons to—or accepting electrons from another atom, rather than by sharing them Van der Walls Ionic Covelant Hydrogen
Ionic
Why is carbon-12 a stable isotope? It has a half-life of 12 years It has 8 electrons and 4 protons. It has 12 electrons distributed equally across 2 electron shells It has the same number of protons and neutrons It undergoes radioactive decay
It has the same number of protons and neutrons
Protein phosphorylation involves the enzyme-catalyzed transfer of the terminal phosphate group of ATP to the hydroxyl group on a serine, threonine, or tyrosine side chain of the protein. This reaction is catalyzed by? Protein Kinase Protein Phosphatase Sugars Enzymes
Protein Kinase
Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) involves uniformly labeling components of the cell membrane—its lipids or, more often, its proteins—with some sort of fluorescent marker then bleaching it and analyzing recovery can be used to study? Protein mobility Actin filaments Protein degredation Protein structure
Protein mobility
This type of microscope scatters electrons off the surface of a sample. Transmission electron microscope Scanning electron microscope Compound microscope Light microscope Fluorescent microscope
Scanning electron microscope Compound microscope
Which of the following is true about the transportation of substances across the lipid region of the cell membrane? Small nonpolar molecules can freely dissolve across the lipid region of the cell membrane. Uncharged molecules like H2O cannot dissolve across the lipid region of the cell membrane. Monosaccharides can freely dissolve across the lipid region of the cell membrane. All of the above
Small nonpolar molecules can freely dissolve across the lipid region of the cell membrane.
While using a light microscope, you are having trouble visualizing the internal structure of the cell. The structure of the cell are small and transparent. What method would be best for increasing visibility of the cell structure? -Stain the cells with dye -Use a different microscope -None of the above -Zoom in using a higher objective
Stain the cells with dye
In light microscopy, certain parts of a sample can be given different colors for better visualization through a process called Fixing Diluting Staining Sectioning Embedding
Staining
Which are the four major families of small organic molecules in cells? Salts, bases, nucleic acids, and amino acids Sugars, fatty bases, nuclear tides, and amino acids None of the above Sugars, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids nucleotides, fatty acids, proteins, and amino acids
Sugars, fatty acids, nucleotides, and amino acids
Which of the following characteristics are observed in prokaryotes? -The ability to divide rapidly -a cell wall -a highly structured cytoplasm -endoplasmic reticulum
The ability to divide rapidly and a cell wall
What is the most likely conclusion you could make about the finding below? Scientists were studying yeast cells in which a mutation inactivated a gene required for cell division. Without this gene—and the protein it encoded—these mutant yeast cells were unable to divide normally. But the scientists discovered that introducing a related protein from human cells could "rescue" these mutant yeast cells, allowing the cells to resume normal division. -Yeast cells most likely obtained their cell-division proteins from the cells of early humans. -None of these. -Yeast cells require human proteins to divide. -The proteins that control cell division in yeast and humans are functionally equivalent and have been conserved, almost unchanged, for more than a billion years. -Yeast and humans diverged from a common ancestor much more recently than previously thought, perhaps fewer than a million years ago. -Modern humans most likely obtained their cell-division proteins from ancient yeast.
The proteins that control cell division in yeast and humans are functionally equivalent and have been conserved, almost unchanged, for more than a billion years.
Select all that apply. During a condensation reaction .. Water is expelled A bond is broken A bond is formed Water is consumed
Water is expelled and A bond is formed
What would happen if chromosomes did not have telomeres? Without telomeres, every cell division would mean that some amount of important genetic information would be clipped off and lost Without telomeres, every cell would continuously divide without regulation Without telomeres, every cell would replicate twice as slowly All of the above
Without telomeres, every cell division would mean that some amount of important genetic information would be clipped off and lost
Figure 3-20 is an energy diagram for the reaction X→Y. Which equation below provides the correct calculation for the amount of free-energy change when X is converted to Y? c - a b - c a - c Y - a
c - a
Extracellular proteins are often stabilized by covalent cross-linkages. The most common covalent cross-linkage is ______. disulfide bonds hydrogen bonds Van Der Waals ionic None of the above
disulfide bonds
What is responsible for the green pigment in chloroplasts? -rhodopsin -staining -fluorescence -outer membrane -chlorophyll
chlorophyll
Proteins called__, each of which accelerates, or ___, just one of the many possible kinds of reactions that a particular molecule might undergo enzymes, catalyze enzyme, catabolize enzyme, anabolize All of the above
enzymes, catalyze
(Q038) The amino acids glutamine and glutamic acid are shown in Figure 2-38. They differ only in the structure of part of their side chains (circled). At pH7, what type of interactions are possible for glutamic acid but not for glutamine? ionic bonds hydrogen bonds van der Waals interactions covalent bonds
ionic bonds
(Q013) Which three characteristics best support the rapid evolution of prokaryotic populations? microscopic, motile, anaerobic aerobic, motile, rapid growth no organelles, cell wall, can exchange DNA large population, rapid growth, can exchange DNA
large population, rapid growth, can exchange DNA
Select the answer that best completes the sentence: Mutations are __ in the DNA that change the genetic plan from previous generations. -beneficial -mistakes -intententional changes -harmful
mistakes
(Q017) Which of the following organelles has both an outer and an inner membrane? endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion lysosome peroxisome
mitochondrion
(Q017) Table 2-14 indicates the number and arrangement of electrons in the first four atomic electron shells for selected elements. On the basis of the information in the chart and what you know about atomic structure, which elements form stable but reactive diatomic gases? nitrogen; oxygen helium; neon sodium; potassium magnesium; calcium
nitrogen; oxygen
Which of the following type of membrane protein would not be considered an integral membrane protein? protein associated proteins via non-covalent linkage transmembrane proteins monolayer associated proteins via covalent linkage lipid linked proteins via covalent linkage none of these answers
protein associated proteins via non-covalent linkage
All of the following can be viewed with a light microscope EXCEPT -cell wall -protons -nucleus -plasma membrane -cell -cytoplasm
protons
What is the purpose of Histone H1? pull nucleosomes together and pack them into a more compact chromatin fiber pull nucleosomes apart and pack them into a less compact chromatin fiber release histone from nucleosome form the chromatin-remodeling complex once its attached to nucleosome none of the above
pull nucleosomes together and pack them into a more compact chromatin fiber
Why is saccharomyces cerevisiae, the same microorganism that is used for brewing beer and baking bread, so advantageous for studying basic mechanisms in eukaryotic cells? -saccharomyces cerevisiae is more closely related to plants and reproduces slowly -saccharomyces cerevisiae has proteins that have organism-specific functions -None of the above -saccharomyces cerevisiae does not have proteins that have organism-specific functions -saccharomyces cerevisiae is closely related to plants as it is to animals and reproduces rapidly
saccharomyces cerevisiae is closely related to plants as it is to animals and reproduces rapidly
Which of the following, saturated or unsaturated fats, would pack together more tightly? None of the above saturated unsaturated All of the above
saturated
(Q002) Which of the following functions of the plasma membrane is possible without membrane proteins? intercellular communication selective permeability cellular movement import/export of molecules
selective permeability
Covalent bond formed between two atoms is a result of the loss of electrons from both atoms sharing of electrons transfer of electrons from one atom to the other sharing of protons loss of electrons from one atom
sharing of electrons
Which of the following chemical groups is NOT used to construct a DNA molecule? five-carbon sugar phosphate nitrogen-containing base six-carbon sugar None of the above
six-carbon sugar
Each type of chromatin structure is established and maintained by different sets of histone tail modifications that attract distinct sets of non-histone proteins. For instance heterochromatin-specific modifications allow heterochromatin toform and to spread with the help of heterochromatin-specific proteins (non-histone proteins). What is the purpose of the barrier DNA sequence in this context? stops the proliferation of heterochromatin structure induces the spread of heterochromatin structure signals for the propagation of heterochromatin into regions of euchromatin inactivates the propagation of euchromatin region None of the above
stops the proliferation of heterochromatin structure