Bio 100 Exam 5

The term that is most closely associated with the secondary immune response is

"memory."

Which of the heart chambers indicated is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs?

B (The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit., the red artery exiting the heart)

The ________ are components of the immune system's third line of defense that secrete antibodies.

B cells

The structure that transports the ovum to the uterus is the

Fallopian tube.

What is the order of the processing of waste in the kidneys?

Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, Excretion

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are

IgE.

Blood flows rapidly within the arterial system but slows dramatically as it enters the capillaries. What is the benefit of having blood move slowly through the capillaries?

It ensures that the blood has enough time to exchange material with the surrounding cells.

Which of the following is an event that is associated with inflammation?

Open wounds are sealed.

Which of the following is a component of the immune system's third line of defense?

T cells

Some species of fish that live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean have evolved an "antifreeze" protein. Why might this protein be important to homeostasis?

The protein might prevent ice crystals from forming inside fish cells, which would prevent damage to the plasma membrane when temperatures are low.

What prevents pathogens from entering our bodies through the delicate tissues of the lungs?

The tubes that enter the lungs are lined with mucus that traps pathogens and is then removed from the respiratory system.

During the innate immune response to bacteria that enter a wound, macrophages at the site phagocytose some of the invaders. What are the macrophages doing during this process?

They are engulfing or "eating" the bacteria.

An organism's first line of defense against attack by a pathogen such as a virus or bacterium is usually

a barrier, like the skin of a vertebrate or the cuticle of a plant.

In an experimental situation focused on the development of a new vaccine, mice were injected with a viral antigen. Their plasma was removed in order to detect for the presence of antibodies. This is an example of

active immunization.

The second line of defense is exemplified by

an inflammatory response that allows white blood cells to respond.

Which of the following are hormones that are produced in abundance in males?

androgens

Each T cell and each B cell binds to only one specific type of

antigen.

When eating dessert, you notice the sweetness of sugar when ________ are stimulated.

chemoreceptors

If a pathogen can be passed from one person to another person, it is said to be _____________.

contagious

The chemical modulators of the immune system that increase during inflammation are

cytokines.

Humans have a well-developed internal transport system, called the cardiovascular system, because

diffusion is ineffective relative to long distances within the body; an internal transport system carries blood close to all body cells.

In human females meiosis is complete when the

egg is fertilized.

Hormones often directly alter ________ by turning a certain gene or group of genes on or off.

gene expression

Gases move from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration.

high(er); low(er)

Which of the following terms describes how the male sperm and the female egg typically fuse in animals?

internal fertilization

People with sickle-cell disease have deformed hemoglobin molecules and often suffer muscle pains, even at low levels of exertion. These symptoms might occur because the deformed hemoglobin

is unable to carry the amount of oxygen required for normal muscle activities.

Blood leaving the right ventricle of the heart travels next to the

lungs.

Sexual reproduction is necessary for

maintenance of genetic variability.

A single egg is evolutionarily more precious than a single sperm because

males produce many more sperm than females produce eggs.

Kidneys have tiny functional units called ______, which are responsible for ______.

nephrons; filtration of blood

Regulation of your body temperature is primarily controlled by which system?

nervous

The ________ is the site of ovum fertilization in human females.

oviduct

Which of the following hormones is partially responsible for initiating labor contractions?

oxytocin

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a molecule of oxygen from the pharynx to an alveolus?

pharynx to trachea to bronchus to bronchiole to alveolus (be careful not to mix bronchus and bronchiole)

Receptors in the eye that provide vision are called ________.

photoreceptors

Pathogens include all of the following except

pollen.

When certain hormones are added to the uterus, they induce thickening in the cells lining its walls. Which of the following hormones is likely to be responsible for this change?

progesterone

Another name for the "pacemaker" of the heart is the

sinoatrial (SA) node.

Which of the following is a type of epithelial tissue?

skin

Hormones are received by ______ cells.

target

In human males, spermatogenesis occurs in the ________.

testes; seminiferous tubules

Disruptions to the development of a zygote can happen at any time during pregnancy. Which of the following would be the most vulnerable time period in the development of a zygote/fetus/embryo?

the first week

Which of the following prevents both blood loss and the invasion of pathogens in vertebrates?

the formation of blood clots

In the last few weeks of pregnancy, the level of estrogen in the woman's blood rises. This increase causes

the muscles of the uterus to become more sensitive to the hormone oxytocin.

Which component of whole blood would an investigator examine to determine the concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide or hormones, such as testosterone?

the plasma

Significant weight gain and the growth of hair on the head are events that occur during which trimester of pregnancy?

the third trimester

The structure that is highlighted in this figure is the

trachea.

Which of the following functions occurs in the urinary bladder but NOT in nephrons?

urine storage

Large blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from the legs to the heart are

veins.