Bio 101 Final Exam

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)

ion

Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called

metabolism

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

metaphase

During which stage of meiosis will the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up?

metaphase I

The mitotic spindle is composed of ____ , which originate from the ____.

microtubules; centrosome

True or False: The development of new technologies is based on science.

true

A tetrad consists of

two homologous chromosomes each comprised of two sister chromatids

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monosaccharides

A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of

unequal sharing of electrons

The human life cycle consists of

adults who are diploid and produce haploid gametes; these gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote which grows into an adult

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

What is the structure that holds together the two sister chromatids that form a chromosome?

centromere

which of the following series of events are in the correct order?

chemical binds to receptor, signal transduction pathway stimulates transcription activator, target gene is transcribed and translated

DNA replication is called semiconservative because

each resulting DNA molecules is comprised of one new DNA strand and one old strand

Promises have white flowers when grown above 32 C. This interaction between phenotypic expression and environment is an example of

environmental influence

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in

facilitated diffusion

tRNAs carrying the correct amino acid recognize the proper codons on the mRNA because

the anticodon of the tRNA hydrogen bind to the codon of the mRNA by complementary base pairing

Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?

Parts W and Z are hydrophilic

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent

all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents

A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of

amino acids

During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids separated and consequently become daughter chromosomes?

anaphase

Which of the following phases results in separation of sister chromatids into daughter chromosomes

anaphase II and anaphase of mitosis

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called _____ while the 23rd pair are known as the _____ chromosomes, which code for gender

autosomes; sex

the four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Without gap junctions in certain tissues

cells would not be able to communicate with each other

Glucose (C6H12O6) is best described as a(n)

compound

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

exhibit an intermediate phenotype

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity

feedback inhibition

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is

for comparison to the other test groups

Following meiosis I, the daughter cells are ____; and following meiosis II, the daughter cells are _____; and following fertilization and mitosis, the daughter cells are _____.

haploid; haploid; diploid

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension

Which of the following processes transforms solar energy into chemical energy

photosynthesis

Plant cells and animal cells differ in cytokinesis because

plant cells need to build a cell wall, while animal cells do not

A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a proto-oncogene

stimulates mitosis in a normal cell, where as a tumor suppressor gene inhibits mitosis

the pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the

the concentration of H+ present in a solution

Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move

the cytoskeleton

Cancers occurs when

the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs

One of the main goals of meiosis is

to reduce the number of chromosomes by half in gametes

When a portion of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome, this is called a

translocation

the three steps that are required for DNA replication are

unwinding, complementary base pairing, and joining

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about human blood types?

Human blood genetics involves multiple alleles and an individual can have up to three different blood alleles

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis

Identify the organelle - function pairing that is mismatched: Flagella - long tail-like structure used in motility of some cells ribosomes - capable of producing proteins for the cell plasma membrane - outermost barrier of a plant cell lysosomes - contain digestives enzymes that can digest molecules or cellular components nucleus - houses the DNA used for controlling all cell function

plasma membrane - outermost barrier of a plant cell

Plant cells are connected to one another by

plasmodesmata

in a one-trait testcross, a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. Which phenotype will be absent in the F1 generation?

recessive trait

Which lifestyle choice is responsible for 90% of the cases of lung cancer among men

smoking

Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?

telophase/cytokinesis

In fruit flies, red-eyes are dominant to white-eyes. In addition, eye color is a sex-linked trait. If a homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?

0%

According to Chargaff's data, ____ must pair with ____ and ____ must pair with _____.

A; T; C; G

the sequence of the mRNA that would result from transcribing a DNA template strand with the bases TACGCTAAT would be

AUGCGAUUA

You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

Anaphase I

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?

DNA to RNA to protein

DNA replication makes a(n) ______ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) _____ copy of the DNA strand

DNA; mRNA

If the parental genotype is EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of Meiosis?

EW, Ew, eW, and ew

Determine if the following statement is true or false. Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

False, because both parents could be heterozygous

Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matched with an example

a desert with little water, high heat, sand, cacti, and some animals - ecosystem

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

the part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?

active transport

A(n) ______ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.

buffer

Apoptosis

can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells

A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a

dehydration synthesis reaction

which of the following terms best describes entropy

disorder

A prokaryotic cell

does not have a membrane bound nucleus

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

does not require energy from the cell

Isotopes of an element differ in their

neutron number

A saturated fat has

no double bonds

the failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjunction

Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

The primary structure of a protein refers to the

number and sequence of amino acids

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?

osmosis

People who suffer from Marfan syndrome have disproportionately long limbs, a weakened aorta, and poor eyesight. All of these characteristics are due to the production of abnormal connective tissue, resulting from a single defective gene. Marfan syndrome is an example of?

pleiotropy

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the results of what form of inheritance

polygenic

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

prophase

Which of the fallowing represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Amino acids are needed to build ___ , just as ____ are needed to create DNA

proteins; nucleotides

Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?

sickle-cell disease

Sam is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of his study in Colorado, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. How many populations does his study include?

3

Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy

In fruit flies, long-wings (L) is dominant to short-wings (l) and a gray body color (G) is dominant to black body color (g). A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly (llgg). the phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1, What is the genotype of the female fly?

LlGg

Which of the following is a correct match? ribosomes - lipid synthesis Golgi apparatus - production of cellular ATP mitochondria - protein alternation and packaging lysosomes - cellular digestion smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Lysosomes - cellular digestion

For the figure shown here, indicate the correct stage of meiosis and whether the cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n)

Metaphase I, 2n

For the figure shown here, indicate the correct stage of meiosis and the whether the cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n)

Prophase II, n

Robert, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?

Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders

Which of the following is a correct match? separation of tetrads - anaphase II synapsis - metaphase I Separation of sister chromatids - anaphase I synapsis - prophase II separation of sister chromatids - anaphase II

Separation of sister chromatids - anaphase II

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity

which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?

Thymine

Megan has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Megan's dad has a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Megan's genotype?

Wwee

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ____ bond

iconic

stages of translation are

initiation, elongation cycle, and termination.

an intervening sequence of DNA that is not expressed is called a(n)

intron

RNA differs from DNA because RNA

is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded

Steroids are classified as?

lipids