Bio 101 Final Exam
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)
ion
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called
metabolism
The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of
metaphase
During which stage of meiosis will the pairs of homologous chromosomes line up?
metaphase I
The mitotic spindle is composed of ____ , which originate from the ____.
microtubules; centrosome
True or False: The development of new technologies is based on science.
true
A tetrad consists of
two homologous chromosomes each comprised of two sister chromatids
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
two monosaccharides
A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because of
unequal sharing of electrons
The human life cycle consists of
adults who are diploid and produce haploid gametes; these gametes fuse to produce a diploid zygote which grows into an adult
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What is the structure that holds together the two sister chromatids that form a chromosome?
centromere
which of the following series of events are in the correct order?
chemical binds to receptor, signal transduction pathway stimulates transcription activator, target gene is transcribed and translated
DNA replication is called semiconservative because
each resulting DNA molecules is comprised of one new DNA strand and one old strand
Promises have white flowers when grown above 32 C. This interaction between phenotypic expression and environment is an example of
environmental influence
Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in
facilitated diffusion
tRNAs carrying the correct amino acid recognize the proper codons on the mRNA because
the anticodon of the tRNA hydrogen bind to the codon of the mRNA by complementary base pairing
Refer to the figure. Which of the following is true regarding the labeled plasma membrane?
Parts W and Z are hydrophilic
The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent
all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents
A gene in DNA is the code for assembling a sequence of
amino acids
During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids separated and consequently become daughter chromosomes?
anaphase
Which of the following phases results in separation of sister chromatids into daughter chromosomes
anaphase II and anaphase of mitosis
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
atom
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called _____ while the 23rd pair are known as the _____ chromosomes, which code for gender
autosomes; sex
the four main categories of organic macromolecules are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Without gap junctions in certain tissues
cells would not be able to communicate with each other
Glucose (C6H12O6) is best described as a(n)
compound
A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will
exhibit an intermediate phenotype
Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity
feedback inhibition
The purpose of a control group in an experiment is
for comparison to the other test groups
Following meiosis I, the daughter cells are ____; and following meiosis II, the daughter cells are _____; and following fertilization and mitosis, the daughter cells are _____.
haploid; haploid; diploid
Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water
has surface tension
Which of the following processes transforms solar energy into chemical energy
photosynthesis
Plant cells and animal cells differ in cytokinesis because
plant cells need to build a cell wall, while animal cells do not
A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a proto-oncogene
stimulates mitosis in a normal cell, where as a tumor suppressor gene inhibits mitosis
the pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the
the concentration of H+ present in a solution
Which of the following allows eukaryotic cells and their organelles to move
the cytoskeleton
Cancers occurs when
the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs
One of the main goals of meiosis is
to reduce the number of chromosomes by half in gametes
When a portion of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome, this is called a
translocation
the three steps that are required for DNA replication are
unwinding, complementary base pairing, and joining
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about human blood types?
Human blood genetics involves multiple alleles and an individual can have up to three different blood alleles
A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called
phagocytosis
Identify the organelle - function pairing that is mismatched: Flagella - long tail-like structure used in motility of some cells ribosomes - capable of producing proteins for the cell plasma membrane - outermost barrier of a plant cell lysosomes - contain digestives enzymes that can digest molecules or cellular components nucleus - houses the DNA used for controlling all cell function
plasma membrane - outermost barrier of a plant cell
Plant cells are connected to one another by
plasmodesmata
in a one-trait testcross, a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. Which phenotype will be absent in the F1 generation?
recessive trait
Which lifestyle choice is responsible for 90% of the cases of lung cancer among men
smoking
Ben was looking at onion root tip cells under the microscope in Biology class. He saw one cell that had two nuclei within it. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in?
telophase/cytokinesis
In fruit flies, red-eyes are dominant to white-eyes. In addition, eye color is a sex-linked trait. If a homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?
0%
According to Chargaff's data, ____ must pair with ____ and ____ must pair with _____.
A; T; C; G
the sequence of the mRNA that would result from transcribing a DNA template strand with the bases TACGCTAAT would be
AUGCGAUUA
You are looking at a cell under the microscope, and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?
Anaphase I
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction?
DNA to RNA to protein
DNA replication makes a(n) ______ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) _____ copy of the DNA strand
DNA; mRNA
If the parental genotype is EeWw what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of Meiosis?
EW, Ew, eW, and ew
Determine if the following statement is true or false. Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.
False, because both parents could be heterozygous
Which organelle modifies the contents within vesicles and then repackages them for export
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matched with an example
a desert with little water, high heat, sand, cacti, and some animals - ecosystem
ATP releases energy when
a phosphate is removed
the part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the
active site
The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?
active transport
A(n) ______ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.
buffer
Apoptosis
can be used to remove damaged or malfunctioning cells
A triglyceride is formed when three fatty acids join a glycerol by a
dehydration synthesis reaction
which of the following terms best describes entropy
disorder
A prokaryotic cell
does not have a membrane bound nucleus
Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it
does not require energy from the cell
Isotopes of an element differ in their
neutron number
A saturated fat has
no double bonds
the failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called
nondisjunction
Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus
The primary structure of a protein refers to the
number and sequence of amino acids
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion
What process allows water to move across a cell membrane?
osmosis
People who suffer from Marfan syndrome have disproportionately long limbs, a weakened aorta, and poor eyesight. All of these characteristics are due to the production of abnormal connective tissue, resulting from a single defective gene. Marfan syndrome is an example of?
pleiotropy
Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the results of what form of inheritance
polygenic
Both plants and animals need mitochondria to
produce ATP
The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of
prophase
Which of the fallowing represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Amino acids are needed to build ___ , just as ____ are needed to create DNA
proteins; nucleotides
Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?
sickle-cell disease
Sam is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles. Over the course of his study in Colorado, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. How many populations does his study include?
3
Which of the following statements describes the function of a chloroplast?
It converts light energy into chemical energy
In fruit flies, long-wings (L) is dominant to short-wings (l) and a gray body color (G) is dominant to black body color (g). A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly (llgg). the phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1, What is the genotype of the female fly?
LlGg
Which of the following is a correct match? ribosomes - lipid synthesis Golgi apparatus - production of cellular ATP mitochondria - protein alternation and packaging lysosomes - cellular digestion smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water
Lysosomes - cellular digestion
For the figure shown here, indicate the correct stage of meiosis and whether the cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n)
Metaphase I, 2n
For the figure shown here, indicate the correct stage of meiosis and the whether the cell is haploid (n) or diploid (2n)
Prophase II, n
Robert, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?
Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders
Which of the following is a correct match? separation of tetrads - anaphase II synapsis - metaphase I Separation of sister chromatids - anaphase I synapsis - prophase II separation of sister chromatids - anaphase II
Separation of sister chromatids - anaphase II
Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive?
Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?
The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity
which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?
Thymine
Megan has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Megan's dad has a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Megan's genotype?
Wwee
During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?
hypertonic
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n) ____ bond
iconic
stages of translation are
initiation, elongation cycle, and termination.
an intervening sequence of DNA that is not expressed is called a(n)
intron
RNA differs from DNA because RNA
is single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded
Steroids are classified as?
lipids
