Bio 101 Test 4

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? A. T cells B. B cells C. Natural killer cells D. Phagocytic cells

B. B cells

Which of the following statements about bones is false? A. Arthritis occurs when the cartilage between bones wears down. B. Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them. C. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. D. Bones are living organs with multiple tissue types and multiple cell types.

B. Bones are dry and dead, made up of calcium and connective fibers with a few blood vessels running through them.

What is the main role of red blood cells? A. Fight off infections B. Carry oxygen C. Carry sugars D. Aid blood in clotting

B. Carry oxygen

_______________ involves the development and migration of the three tissue layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. A. Blastulation B. Gastrulation C. Cleavage D. Fertilization

B. Gastrulation

Connective tissue is the most variable of the tissue types. Which one of the following is not categorized as connective tissue? A. Blood B. Muscle C. Bone D. Fat

B. Muscle

Which of the following is a similarity between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? A. the time during development during which each process begins B. both involve meiosis and the production of haploid cells C. equal partitioning of cytoplasm during cell division D. the number of sperm/ova produced by a single diploid cell

B. both involve meiosis and the production of haploid cells

Select the feature which is involved in the clotting process. A. Platelets B. Fibrin C. Both platelets and fibrin D. Neither platelets nor fibrin are involved in the clotting process

C. Both platelets and fibrin

The main role of the liver is to ________. A. produce bile, which helps the process of digestion B. break large food into smaller food bits C. absorb water D. absorb nutrients

A. produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

The _______ system provides osmoregulation in your body. A. urinary B. respiratory C. digestive D. circulatory

A. urinary

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a ________. A. virus B. protist C. fungus D. bacteria

A. virus

What is the difference between vitamins and minerals? A. Vitamins are organic nutrients, while minerals are inorganic nutrients. B. Vitamins cannot be made by our bodies, while minerals can. C. Vitamins are inorganic nutrients, while minerals are organic nutrients. D. There are no main difference between vitamins and minerals.

A. Vitamins are organic nutrients, while minerals are inorganic nutrients.

A fertilized egg is called ________. A. a zygote B. an embryo C. a blastocyst D. an oocyte

A. a zygote

Two hormones that counteract one another's actions in a feedback circuit are said to be ________ hormones A. antagonistic B. anachronistic C. antebellum D. antithesis

A. antagonistic

During oogenesis, polar bodies _____________. A. are discarded B. become part of the placenta C. contribute to the outer coating of an ovum D. divide into secondary oocytes

A. are discarded

The ________ nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the ________ nervous system is composed of the nerves carry information into and out of the spinal cord and brain. A. central; peripheral B. peripheral; central C. sensory; motor D. motor; sensory

A. central; peripheral

During cleavage, cell division is accompanied by a(n) ______________. A. decrease in cell size B. increase in cell size C. decrease in chromosome number per cell D. increase in chromosome number per cell

A. decrease in cell size

The alimentary canal is part of the ________ system. A. digestive B. respiratory C. urinary D. endocrine E. nervous

A. digestive

When air pressure in the lungs is less than air pressure in the atmosphere, ________ occurs. A. inhalation B. exhalation C. asthma D. emphysema

A. inhalation

After blood becomes oxygenated, A. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells. B. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs. C. it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth. D. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to capillaries that supply the body's cells with oxygen. E. it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs.

A. it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.

A diet that lacks sufficient calories or essential nutrients results in ________. A. malnutrition B. anorexia nervosa C. bulimia D. obesity

A. malnutrition

Most homeostatic systems rely on ________ feedback. A. negative B. positive C. neutral

A. negative

The ________ are the functional units of the kidney that filter the blood and form the urine. A. nephrons B. neurons C. ureters

A. nephrons

Blood contains water, cells, and other molecules. The liquid component of blood is called ________. A. plasma B. serum C. hematocrit D. whole blood

A. plasma

The human cardiovascular system can be divided into two circuits: the ________ circuit transports blood between the heart and lungs and the ________ circuit transports blood between the heart and the rest of the body. A. pulmonary; systemic B. systemic; pulmonary C. circulatory; lymphatic D. lymphatic; circulatory

A. pulmonary; systemic

Hormones can travel through the blood and not affect all tissues; only cells possessing ________ sites for that particular hormone are affected, and these cells are called ________ cells. A. receptor; target B. target; receptor C. receptor; activation D. activation; receptor

A. receptor; target

What is the major method of transmission of infectious disease when using public transportation? A. touching surfaces that sick people have touched B. breathing air after sick people have coughed and sneezed C. being coughed on and sneezed on by sick people D. breathing air that sick people have exhaled

A. touching surfaces that sick people have touched

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? A. Trachea B. Alveoli C. Bronchioles D. Pharynx

B. Alveoli

Which of the following correctly explains what a heart attack is? A. Veins that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked. B. Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked. C. Arteries that supply the brain with oxygen become blocked. D. Veins that supply the brain with oxygen become blocked.

B. Arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become blocked.

The main role of the large intestine is to ________. A. absorb nutrients B. break large food into smaller food bits C. absorb water D. produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

C. absorb water

The enzyme lactase breaks the sugar lactose into which compound(s)? Select all that apply. A. sucrose B. fructose C. glucose D. galactose

C. glucose D. galactose

What is MRSA? A. An infectious fungus B. An antibiotic-resistant bacterium C. A transmittable parasite D. A disease-causing virus

B. An antibiotic-resistant bacterium

What is the role of the epiglottis? A. Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system B. Prevents food from entering the windpipe C. Produces vocal sounds D. Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs

B. Prevents food from entering the windpipe

How long does it take, on average, for an ovule to go from the ovary to the uterus? A. One day B. Seven days C. One hour D. The ovule does not reach the uterus, it remains in the oviduct

B. Seven days

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. A. requires to grow B. cannot make by itself C. requires to function D. cannot store

B. cannot make by itself

Gametogenesis is to spermatogenesis and oogenesis as _____________________. A. fertilization is to sperm and zygote B. ovaries are to testes and ova C. gonads are to testes and ovaries D. sperm are to primary and secondary spermatocytes

C. gonads are to testes and ovaries

Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called a ________ feedback. A. complex B. positive C. negative D. complementary

C. negative

The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________. A. gametogenesis B. oogenesis C. ovulation D. menstruation

C. ovulation

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. A. large intestine B. esophagus C. small intestine D. stomach

C. small intestine

Which of the following options lists cell types in the correct order of their appearance during spermatogenesis? A. secondary spermatocyte, primary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm B. spermatid, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, sperm C. spermatid, secondary spermatocyte, primary spermatocyte, sperm D. primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm

D. primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm

Tissues are made up of ________ that work together to perform a function. A. organ systems B. different cells C. organs D. similar cells

D. similar cells

________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. A. Arteries B. Veins C. Capillaries D. Venules

A. Arteries

Where are photoreceptor cells found in the eye? A. In the retina B. In the lens C. In the optic nerve

A. In the retina

________ are a type of fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together at joints. A. Ligaments B. Tendons C. Synovial tissue D. Cartilage

A. Ligaments

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? A. Alveoli B. Nose C. Bronchioles D. Bronchi E. Trachea

A. Alveoli

What type of disorder is AIDS? A. An immunodeficiency B. An allergic reaction C. An immune rejection D. An autoimmune disease

A. An immunodeficiency

What would happen if the body did not produce glucagon? A. Cells of the body would not release glucose into the blood stream when glucose levels were low in the blood stream. B. Cells of the body would keep on taking glucose from the bloodstream and storing it. C. Cells of the body would keep on releasing glucose into the blood stream, even when glucose levels were high in the blood stream. D. Cells of the body would neither take in glucose from the bloodstream nor release it into the blood stream.

A. Cells of the body would not release glucose into the blood stream when glucose levels were low in the blood stream.

Which of the following lists correctly identify some of the external defenses that your body uses to prevent infection? A. Cilia, mucous membranes, and stomach acid B. Cilia, stomach acid, and white blood cells C. White blood cells, mucous membranes, and skin D. Skin, white blood cells, and mucous membranes

A. Cilia, mucous membranes, stomach acid

When is an unborn child called a fetus? A. From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth B. From conception through birth C. From cleavage to the 9th week of pregnancy D. From cleavage to birth

A. From the 9th week of pregnancy to birth

What type of joint permits movement in a single plane? A. Hinge B. Ball and socket C. Suture

A. Hinge

Where does the ovule meet the sperm that fertilizes it? A. In the oviduct B. In the vagina C. In the ovary D. In the uterus

A. In the oviduct

Which of the following options lists the sequence of stages in embryonic development in the correct order? A. zygote, gastrula, blastocyst B. zygote, blastocyst, gastrula C. gastrula, blastocyst, zygote D. blastocyst, zygote, gastrula

B. zygote, blastocyst, gastrula

Which statement is correct? A. Oxygen is released from the mitochondria as a product of cellular respiration. B. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries. C. In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. D. Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells. E. As oxygen diffuses from the lungs into capillaries, blood becomes deoxygenated.

C. In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. A. To deliver oxygen to the deep muscle cells B. To filter out cellular wastes from the blood C. To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells D. To distribute hormones around the body

C. To produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

A liver cell responds to insulin by A. Releasing insulin. B. Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. C. Releasing glucagon. D. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. E. Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose.

D. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

What is the main role of T cells in the immune response? A. To secrete antibodies B. To trigger clonal selection C. To recognize sites of infection D. To stimulate the production of immune cells

D. To stimulate the production of immune cells

What are lymphocytes? A. A specific type of antigen B. Cells responsible for clotting C. Red blood cells D. White blood cells

D. White blood cells

The completion of meiosis II during oogenesis occurs at ________________. A. ovulation B. implantation C. cleavage D. fertilization

D. fertilization

Body cells that respond to insulin include A. Liver cells and muscle cells only. B. Muscle cells only. C. Liver cells only. D. Intestinal cells only. E. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

E. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

Hemoglobin A. has five subunits. B. uses ATP to move oxygen from blood to body cells. C. is the site of cellular respiration. D. is found in blood plasma. E. is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

E. is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

During inhalation, A. air moves up the trachea. B. oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. C. the diaphragm relaxes. D. the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases. E. the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

E. the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.