Bio 1010 Exam 1

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model.

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single-celled organism. The best device to do this would be a

light microscope.

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false?

Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment.

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells.

Bases can release only hydroxide ions. release only hydrogen ions. take up only hydrogen ions. both take up hydrogen ions and release hydroxide ions. release hydrogen and release hydroxide.

both take up hydrogen ions and release hydroxide ions.

A(n) ________ can be defined as a substance that prevents the pH of a solution from changing by either releasing or absorbing H+ in a solution.

buffer

Which of the following would not be a valuable use for radioactive isotopes?

damaging DNA of healthy cells

Because it is a passive process, which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

diffusion

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

disorder

Which one of the following is a function of proteins?

enzymatic activity

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

The stack of thylakoids labeled "A" in this figure is called

Granum

Cola has a pH of 3.5. This means that it has an excess of ________ ions and would be called a(n) ________.

H+; acid

Which of the following is not one of the most common elements in living things?

Iron

Which of the following is not a property of water?

It is denser when frozen than when liquid.

Which of the following is not a compound? O2 MgCl2 H2O NaCl CO2

O2

Resolving power is the

ability to tell two points apart as separate points.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

active site.

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

active transport

Isotopes of an atom differ in their atomic number. atomic radius. number of electrons. atomic mass. number of protons.

atomic mass.

All atoms of the same element have the same

atomic number.

Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable? hydrogen ionic system polar covalent

covalent

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water

has surface tension.

The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another, which involves the use of

hydrogen bonds.

In addition to carbon, an organic molecule must contain

hydrogen.

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently, the cells die and the person gets better. In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by

not allowing them to produce proteins.

Which of the following structures would not be found in a prokaryotic cell?

nucleus

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?

observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

oxygen

A covalent bond involves the sharing of

pairs of electrons.

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to

pass through the membrane via proteins.

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell.

Scientists were studying temperature selection among pregnant big brown bats. What would the test group be in this experiment?

pregnant bats

Which of the following is least likely to be affected when a protein is denatured?

primary structure

In the reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide is one of the

reactants

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following is a property of acids?

release hydrogen ions when dissolved in a liquid

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Which of the following levels of protein folding would include shapes identified as helix and pleated sheet?

secondary structure

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Which of the following is not a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?

splitting electrons

Eukaryotic cells move their organelles using

the cytoskeleton.

Which of the following is not a type of potential energy?

the energy of a ball rolling down a hill

Why do cells need buffering agents?

to minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monomers.

A fatty acid that has at least two double bonds is called

unsaturated.

What is the steam being given off when water boils?

water molecules

What functional group makes a carbohydrate polar?

-OH

The electron arrangement for argon, which has 18 electrons, is

2 in the inner energy shell, 8 in the second energy shell, and 8 in the outer energy shell.

Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. Which of the following statements would be considered a hypothesis for this study?

Agricultural chemicals can cause deformities and feminization amongst cane toads.

Which of the following is not true with regards to extinction?

All extinctions are caused by human activities such as habitat destruction.

Which of the following statements is not correctly matched with the given scientific method term?

All organisms are comprised of cells. (Data collection)

When a person orders a hamburger with lettuce, tomato, and mayonnaise, which of the following would be a false statement about the nutritional intake?

Glycogen will be obtained from the bun.

Which formula is a hydrocarbon?

CH4

Which of the following would be able to pass freely through a plasma membrane?

CO2

Which of the following is not an organic molecule?

COCl2

Which functional group acts as an acid when placed in solution?

COOH

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

DNA.

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

A polypeptide forms a pleated sheet or a helix as its primary structure.

False

Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. At the end of their study, scientists stated that they had supported their theory that agricultural chemicals cause deformities. True because this was a controlled study. False because they would need more data to prove a theory. False because they were testing a hypothesis not a theory. True based on the data collected during the study. False because this was a controlled study.

False because they were testing a hypothesis not a theory.

Robert, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?

Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders.

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. What would be the valence number of this element?

Six

Which word does not belong with the others? antibodies enzymes sucrose muscle hair

Sucrose

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?

The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.

Which of the following explains the events occurring when water boils? The bond between one water molecule and another is strengthened. Hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules. Covalent bonds are broken between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. Ionic bonds are broken when the minerals in water are heated. The hydrogen atoms break away from the oxygen and escape as vapor.

The hydrogen atoms break away from the oxygen and escape as vapor.

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to scientific theory?

Theories are possible explanations for natural events.

Which of these does not occur when a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom?

There is a mutual sharing of the electrons between the sodium and chlorine atoms.

What makes saturated triglycerides considerably less healthy than unsaturated ones?

They possess no double bonds between carbon atoms, which makes them more tightly packed together.

How are lipids different from other categories of biological molecules?

They will not combine with water.

Managing emerging diseases such as SARS is just one of the many challenges facing science today.

True

The development of new technologies is based on science.

True

Which property of water would help to account for how an individual who is exercising and producing excessive heat can maintain a constant body temperature?

Water has high heat capacity.

Which property of water causes sugar to dissolve in coffee?

Water is a good solvent.

In which of the following is the correct monomer matched with its polymer?

amino acid - protein

Which of the following would describe a polypeptide?

amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis reactions

Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy? a candle giving off light a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules a pile of leaves that have been burnt

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

Radioactive isotopes are useful in biological studies because

an organism will take in a molecule with the isotope and use it normally, but the radioactive decay can be detected.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both ________, but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts, ________.

are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?

atom

In the following figure, which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic environment?

c

The four main categories of organic macromolecules are

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose.

Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include all of the following except

color.

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

exocytosis

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

facilitated diffusion.

The figure below represents the formation of a ________ molecule by the process of ________.

fat; dehydration synthesis

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

feedback inhibition

Without tight junctions in certain tissues,

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

The purpose of a control group in an experiment is

for comparison to the other test groups.

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? proteins - ribosome glucose - lysosome rRNA - cytoplasm mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm DNA - nucleus

glucose - lysosome

Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. Based on this study, what is/are the test group(s)?

male toads collected from areas near large-scale and small-scale farms

Populations of amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by disease and high rates of deformity. A recent study investigated whether problems among the populations have arisen due to poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. Biologists from the University of Florida collected local adult cane toads (Bufo marinus) from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture—both large-scale and small-scale farms as well as from suburbs located far from agricultural sites. At collection sites where 50-97% of the adjacent land was farmed, males showed high levels of feminization. Feminized male toads were similar in color to females and had lower levels of testosterone and often had deformed gonads. These changes can lead to sterile males or changes in behavior that prevent mating from occurring. Based on this study, what is the control groups

male toads collected from the suburbs

Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. The chemical reactions that involve energy conversion are called

metabolism

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?

mitochondria

The basic building block or subunit of many biological molecules is called a(n)

monomer.