BIO 110 FINAL REVIEW

What is the primary source of most of the energy for organisms living on Earth? 1. Carbon 2. Sunlight 3. Gamma radiation 4. Heat from Earth's interior 5. None

Sunlight

Resource partitioning would be most likely to occur between 1. Sympatric populations of a predator and its prey. 2. Sympatric populations of a flowering plant and its specialized insect pollinator. 3. Sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches. 4. Allopatric populations of the same animal species. 5. Allopatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.

Sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.

In the same population (10 organisms, 3 have the genotype AA, 5 have the genotype Aa, and 2 have the genotype aa) what is the allele frequency of A? 1. 0.5 2. 0.8 3. 0.4 4. 0.25 5. 0.55

0.4

In a population of 10 organisms, 3 have the genotype AA, 5 have the genotype Aa, and 2 have the genotype aa. What is the genotype frequency of Aa? 1. 0.3 2. 0.5 3. 0.2 4. 5 5. 0.25

0.5

What is an element? 1. Pure substance 2. Made up of one kind of atom 3. Do not occur naturally 4. 1 and 2 5. None

1 and 2

A male of genotype dd is crossed to a female of genotype Dd. The alleges exhibit complete dominance or recessive-ness. What proportion of the offspring would be homozygous recessive? 1. 1/4 2. 1/8 3. 1/6 4. 1/2 5. 1/9

1/2

Imagine five forest communities, each with 100 individuals distributed among four different tree species (W, X, Y, and Z). Which forest community would be most diverse? 1. 40W, 30X, 20Y, 10Z 2. 50W, 25X, 15Y, 10Z 3. 70W, 10X, 10Y, 10Z 4. 25W, 25X, 25Y, 25Z 5. 100W, 0X, 0Y, 0Z

25W, 25X, 25Y, 25Z

If the sequence of bases on one strand of the DNA molecule is 5'- CCAGT-3', what is the corresponding complementary sequence of bases on the other strand? 1. 3'- CCAGT -5' 2. 3'- ACTGG -5' 3. 3'- AACTG -5' 4. 3'- TTGAC -5' 5. 3'- GGTAC -5'

3'- GGTAC -5'

If the coding strand (non-template) of DNA has the sequence 5'- CGAGACTTCTGA -3', what will the sequence of the transcribed RNA be? 1. 5'- CGUGUCTTCTGU -3' 2. 5'- CGAGACUUCUGA -3' 3. 3'- GCTCTGAAGACT -5' 4. 3'- GCUCUGAAGACU -5' 5. 5'- CGAGACTTCTGA -3'

5'- CGAGACUUCUGA -3'

Which of the following would NOT be expected as a result of a point mutation? 1. Introduction of a premature stop codon 2. A duplicated chromosome 3. Production of a codon that codes for defective gene product 4. Production of a nonsense codon 5. Production of a codon that codes for the same amino acid sequence

A duplicated chromosome

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? 1. A nucleus 2. A cell membrane 3. DNA 4. Enzymes 5. A cell wall

A nucleus

complete the following sentence: The head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic because it has... 1. A phosphate group 2. A Carboxyl group 3. A benzene ring 4. A fatty acid chain 5. None

A phosphate group

Which most likely represents an example of disruptive selection? 1. A population of butterflies that are either all yellow or all blue due to mating preferences 2. A population of rabbits that evolves more body fat in response to a colder climate 3. A population of wrens that evolves to be smaller at sexual maturity in response to predation pressure 4. Very tall and very short pine trees that are removed from the population by herbivory 5. None are correct

A population of butterflies that are either all yellow or all blue due to mating preferences

What is biological evolution? 1. A process that results in changes in allele frequencies in a population over time 2. The development and growth of individual organisms 3. The change in genes in an individual over time 4. The gradual increase in size of a community of organisms 5. All are correct

A process that results in changes in allele frequencies in a population over time

Which of these is an example of protein secondary structure? 1. A-helix 2. Amino groups 3. The overall 3D shape of multiple polypeptide subunits when they are joined together 4. Carboxyl groups 5. None

A- helix

Complete the following sentence: Capillary action, or movement of water up a thin tube, is due to... 1. Adhesion and cohesion 2. Surface tension only 3. Adhesion and evaporation 4. Cohesion only 5. Adhesion only

Adhesion and evaporation

What is the role of proteins in the body? 1. Sending and receiving signals 2. Defending against pathogens 3. Transporting nutrients across membranes 4. Structural support 5. All are correct

All are correct

Which chemical interactions hold together the 3D tertiary structure of a protein? 1. Covalent bonds 2. Hydrogen bonds 3. Hydrophobic effects 4. Van der Waals forces 5. All are correct

All are correct

Which level(s) of protein structure are likely to be affected by a change in the order of amino acids in the polypeptide chain? 1. Primary structure 2. Secondary structure 3. Tertiary structure 4. Quaternary structure 5. All are correct

All are correct

Which of the following is a unique property of evolution by gene flow? 1. There will be a change in allege frequency after several generations 2. Results in decreased variation 3. Alleles that help confer an advantage to an individual in a give environment will increase in frequency 4. Can result in increased genetic variation 5. All are correct

Alleles that help confer an advantage to an individual in a give environment will increase in frequency

The wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) is a small, long-lived turtle that is endangered through much of its range in North America. As their populations shrink in size, it becomes even more difficult for turtles to find mates, and small populations have steadily become smaller. What best describes what the wood turtles in small populations are experiencing? 1. Overharvesting 2. An extinction vortex 3. Habitat loss 4. Climate change

An extinction vortex

which of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? 1. A reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill 2. An organism that dies after five years of life but leaves ten offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce 3. A male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring that survives to reproduce 4. An organism that lives 10 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce 5. A female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspring who live to reproduce

An organism that dies after five years of life but leaves ten offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce

The basic units/building blocks of nucleic acids are ___ 1. Amino acids 2. Chromosomes 3. Phospholipids 4. Nucleotides

Nucleotides

How does science define the term energy? 1. As the bonds between atoms in molecules 2. As electromagnetic radiation 3. As the ability to do work 4. As the movement of matter 5. None

As the ability to do work

Which of the following terms includes all of the others? 1. Species diversity 2. Biodiversity 3. Genetic diversity 4. Ecosystem diversity 5. Species richness

Biodiversity

Which of the following are the best examples of homologous structures? 1. Bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb 2. Owl wing and hornet wing 3. Bat wing hang bird wing 4. Eyelessness in the Australian mole an eyelessness in the north American mole

Bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb

How did Mendel's model of inheritance help explain Darwin's theory of natural selection? 1. By observations of individuals differences in traits 2. By proposing mechanism of how organisms transmit discrete heritable units 3. By explaining natural selection of genetic differences 4. By leading to evolutionary change

By proposing mechanism of how organisms transmit discrete heritable units

How might a scientific theory be modified? 1. By a change in the experimental methods that leads to the same result 2. By the declaration of a scientific theory 3. Theories cannot be changed, they are natural laws 4. By consensus of the top scientists in the field 5. By the uncovering of new information

By the uncovering of new information

Which term describes the classification of organisms? 1. Evolution 2. Natural selection 3. Taxonomy 4. Biology 5. Use and Disuse

Taxonomy

Complete the following sentence: An ecologist did a census of all trees, shrubs, moss, ferns, insects, small mammals, and birds in a section of forest; the data will allow her to characterize the forest ___ 1. Community 2. Population 3. ecosystem 4. Group 5. Genus

Community

Which of the following examples describes the phenomenon of incomplete dominance? 1. Crossing a white-eyed fly to a red-eyed fly and getting F1 flies that all have red eyes 2. Crossing a red-haired male cow to a white-colored female cow nada getting F1 cattle that expressed both red and white hairs on the same cow 3. Two genes that are both required to produce purple flower pigment in pea plants 4. Crossing a red-feathered parrot and a white-feathered parrot and getting F1 parrots that are pink in color

Crossing a red-feathered parrot and a white-feathered parrot and getting F1 parrots that are pink in color

Which of the following carbohydrates is a primary metabolic fuel for humans? 1. Glucose 2. chitin 3. Cellulose 4. Peptidoglycan 5. All are correct

Glucose

A population of field mice experiences predation pressure from a group of feral cats. individual mice range in color from white to black, which is determined by different alleles. The cats prefer to hunt light-colored mice. The median color of members in the field mouse population becomes darker every generation. This process is an example of which of the following modes of natural selection? 1. Directional selection 2. Stabilizing selection 3. Disruptive selection 4. Equalizing selection 5. None are correct

Directional selection

All of the following are characteristics of RNA except ____ 1. Double-stranded 2. Uracil 3. Single-stranded 4. Ribose

Double-stranded

Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true? 1. Each bird evolved a deeper, stronger beak as the drought persisted 2. Each birds survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the drought persisted 3. Each bird that survived the drought produced only offspring with deeper, stronger beaks than seen in the previous generation 4. The frequency of the strong beak alleles increased in each bird as the drought persisted

Each birds survival was strongly influenced by the depth and strength of its beak as the drought persisted

Which of the following is NOT true of Multicellular organisms? 1. Multicellular organisms are typically larger than unicellular organisms 2. Multicellular organisms have tissues with specialized functions 3. Multicellular organisms have specialized reproductive cells 4. Multicellular organisms have a greater diversity of cell types 5. Each cell in a multicellular organism can reproduce to form a new Multicellular individual

Each cell in a multicellular organism can reproduce to form a new Multicellular individual

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cell theory? 1. Cells carry out the basic chemical reactions needed for life 2. Cells are the basic unit of life 3. Every living organism is made up of many cells 4. All living organisms are made of one or more cells 5. All cells come from other cells

Every living organism is made up of many cells

Which classification is more specific? 1. Class 2. Phylum 3. Kingdom 4. Family

Family

What is the resulting number of daughter cells at the completion of Meiosis II in males? 1. Three 2. Eight 3. Thirty four 4. Four 5. Sixteen

Four

In which phase does a normal cell make the commitment to divide or not? 1. G1 2. M 3. G2 4. S 5. None

G1

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing ____ 1. Nonrandom mating 2. Geographic isolation 3. Genetic drift 4. Gene flow

Gene flow

A person inherits two copies of the ___ that defines the consistency of their earwax, one from each parent. From her father, she inherits the ___ for dry earwax. From her mother she inherits the ___ for the wet earwax. 1. molecule, nucleotide, nucleotide 2. Genotype, phenotype, phenotype 3. Gene, trait, trait 4. Protein, amino acid, amino acid 5. Gene, allele, allele

Gene, allele, allele

Meiosis II ends in a... 1. Tetraploid number of chromosomes 2. Diploid number of chromosomes 3. Haploid number of chromosomes 4. None

Haploid number of chromosomes

Students compared their resting heart rate to their heart rate after exercise. They measured their resting heart rate after sitting for five minutes; they then did 50 jumping jacks and afterward measured their heart rate. What was the dependent variable of this study? 1. Whether or not the person was resting when the heart rate was measured 2. How many jumping jacks were done 3. Heart rate 4. How long the person rested before heart rate was measured 5. There was no dependent variable

Heart rate

DNA is composed of four nucleotide bases. Which one of the following is NOT a nucleotide base? 1. Thymine 2. Adenine 3. Histamine 3. Cytosine

Histamine

Which of the following is NOT true about Meiosis I? 1. Sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another during Anaphase I 2. Meiosis I results in the creation of two genetically unique daughter cells 3. During Metaphase I, chromosomes are aligned along the Metaphase plate 4. Cytokinesis begins to occur during Telophase I 5. Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart during Anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart during Anaphase I

A population is correctly defined as having which of the following characteristics? I. Inhabits the same general area II. Belongs to the same species III. Possesses a constant and uniform density and dispersion 1. I only 2. III only 3. I and II only 4. II and III only 5. I, II, and III

I and II only

How is DNA arranged in a eukaryotic cell during the G1 phase of interphase? 1. In pairs of sister chromatids 2. In plasmids 3. By microtubules length 4. In Chromatin fibers 5. In condensed chromosomes

In pairs of sister chromatids

Which observations formed the basis of Darwin's argument for the theory of natural selection explaining descent with modification outlined in On the Origin of Species? 1. Galapagos finches are endemic, found only in the Galapagos and nowhere else in the world 2. His observations of the similarity between finches on the Galapagos islands and the sparrows in England 3. Earthquakes may cause sudden shifts in the Earth's crust, and these small changes may build up over time 4. Ocean currents near the Galapagos islands influence species distribution among the islands 5. Individuals vary in heritable traits and produce more offspring that are able to survive, and those offspring compete for limited resources

Individuals vary in heritable traits and produce more offspring that are able to survive, and those offspring compete for limited resources

Which of the following is the mechanism that drives natural selection? 1. Individuals with heritable traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, their offspring are more likely to inherit these adaptive traits 2. Individuals with traits better suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce, however, their offspring are not likely to inherit these adaptive traits 3. Individuals with traits that are not suited to their environment are more likely to leave and reproduce elsewhere, therefore, offspring will inherit these traits 4. Traits that are best suited to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce; therefore, offspring are more likely to inherit these adaptive traits 5. None are correct

Individuals with heritable traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, their offspring are more likely to inherit these adaptive traits

Which of the following is a likely explanation for why invasive species take over communities into which they have been introduced? 1. Invasive species are less efficient than native species in competing for the limited resources of the environment. 2. Invasive species are not held in check by the predators and agents of disease that have always been in place for native species. 3. Invasive species always have a higher reproductive potential than native species. 4. Invasive species come from geographically isolated regions, so when they are introduced to regions where there is more competition, they thrive.

Invasive species are not held in check by the predators and agents of disease that have always been in place for native species.

Which of the following is NOT true of a mutation? 1. Mutations may be passed between generations 2. Mutations may affect a small group of cells within an organism 3. Mutations are always harmful 4. Mutations occur randomly

Mutations are always harmful

Which of the following is NOT part of evolution by natural selection as first proposed by Charles Darwin? 1. Natural selection can lead to new species over long periods of time 2. Individual members of a population have variations in traits 3. Individuals that have traits that allow them to have higher survivorship and/or reproduction will be favored 4. Individual members of a population compete with one another for limited resources 5. Mutations are the source of variations

Mutations are the source of variations

Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed (partially eaten by herbivores). Which of the following terms would best describe this plant-herbivore interaction? 1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism 4. Competition 5. Predation

Mutualism

Which of the following is a compound? 1. Na 2. Cl 3. NaCl 4. Na and Cl 5. None

NaCl

Two populations of organisms that share a common ancestor do not mate because they do not have receptors for each other's pheromones. How might this have occurred? 1. Random mating between the two populations restricted gene flow in such a way that a sub-population evolved a separate set of pheromone receptors 2. Non- random mating prevented a pheromone receptor mutation in one gene pool form being equally distributed between both populations 3. A mutation in the parent population led to widespread changes in pheromone receptors in one of the divergent populations 4. Post-zygotic barriers to reproduction prevented members of one population from developing receptors for different pheromones 5. Evolution of the beneficial pheromone occurred in both populations, resulting in this trait no longer being used in mate choice

Non- random mating prevented a pheromone receptor mutation in one gene pool form being equally distributed between both populations

What is the relationship between natural selection and evolution? 1. They are the same thing 2. The need for evolution causes natural selection to occur 3. Natural selection changes a species in a short period of time, whereas evolution takes much longer 4. Natural selection is one process that can result in evolution 5. Natural selection only causes adaptations in allele frequencies, whereas evolution can adapt an entire species

Natural selection is one process that can result in evolution

According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same 1. Habitat. 2. Niche. 3. Territory. 4. Range. 5. Biome.

Niche

Which of the following is the reaction for cellular respiration? 1. Organic molecules + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + Energy 2. CO2 + H2O + Energy -> organic molecules + O2 3. Organic molecules + O2 + energy -> CO2 + H2O 4. Organic molecules + H2O -> CO2 + O2 + energy 5. none

Organic molecules + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + Energy

What is the role of centrosomes in mitosis? 1. Holding together the two sister chromatids 2. Organizing the microtubules that form the mitosis spindle 3. Acting as an attachment point between microtubules and chromosomes 4. Proofreading DNA 5. Producing RNA and ribosomes

Organizing the microtubules that form the mitosis spindle

Which of the following represents a necessary condition for speciation to occur? 1. Geographic isolation 2. Adaptation of two different phenotypes in a population due to disruptive selection 3. Exploitation of different resources or habitats among individuals of a population 4. Reproductive isolation between populations 5. Adaptation of reproductive traits in a population

Reproductive isolation between populations

Which of the following structures is used to transfer plasmids between bacteria? 1. Pili 2. Fimbriae 3. Flagella 4. Vacuoles 5. All are correct

Pili

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor that may affect organisms in an ecosystem? 1. Average rainfall per month 2. Soil phosphorus content 3. Presence of large predators 4. Water pH 5. None

Presence of large predators

How do various types of living organisms acquire organic matter? 1. Producers convert CO2 into organic molecules through the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis 2. Decomposers produce organic molecules through chemosynthesis 3. Consumers use energy derived from food to convert CO2 into organic molecules 4. None are correct 5. All are correct

Producers convert CO2 into organic molecules through the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Which of the following types of organisms use cellular respiration? 1. Producers 2. Consumers 3. Producers, consumers, and decomposers 4. Consumers and decomposers

Producers, consumers, and decomposers

Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion? 1. Red squirrels, animals that actively defend territories 2. Cattails, plants that grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams 3. Dwarf mistletoes, plants that parasitize particular species of forest trees 4. Moths in a city at night 5. Lake trout, fish that seek out cold, deep water high in dissolved oxygen

Red squirrels, animals that actively defend territories

Which of the following is true of science? 1. Scientific conclusions must be based on observational evidence from the natural world 2. When a hypothesis is proven, it is upgraded to a theory 3. Scientific inquiry must include experimental data 4. Data that are visual observations do not need to be write down 5. A scientific law that has been supported repeatedly is generalized into a hypothesis

Scientific conclusions must be based on observational evidence from the natural world

Penguins in Antarctica are superb swimmer, but they walk awkwardly and cannot fly. There is evidence that penguin ancestors could fly long ago. How might natural selection explain this? 1. Mutations in the genes for wings caused ancestral penguins to start swimming instead of flying 2. The wings of ancestral penguins shrank because the penguins did not use them 3. Shorter wings may have helped ancestral penguins survive in their environment by enabling them to swim better, and so genes for shorter wings became common 4. Penguins today have wings; they do not use them for flying because they do not need them 5. Penguins today have no need to fly because they are better at swimming

Shorter wings may have helped ancestral penguins survive in their environment by enabling them to swim better, and so genes for shorter wings became common

Why does the loss of an allele during genetic drift affect small populations more significantly than larger populations? 1. Smaller populations have fewer alleles, so each plays a proportionally greater role 2. Small populations have a greater percentage of fit individuals 3. Small populations cannot adapt because natural selection requires a minimum of population size to work 4. Smaller populations have more gene flow 5. Smaller populations have greater diversity

Smaller populations have fewer alleles, so each plays a proportionally greater role

Many studies have found a higher incidence of cancer among cigarette smokers than among non-smokers. What is the independent variable in these studies? 1. Smoking or non-smoking 2. Cancer 3. Brands of cigarettes 4. Age of participants 5. There isn't enough information to answer

Smoking or non-smoking

The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere over the past 150 years is 1. Increased worldwide primary production 2. Increased worldwide standing crop 3. An increase in the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by the atmosphere 4. The burning of larger amounts of forests and fossil fuels

The burning of larger amounts of forests and fossil fuels

If the flow of energy in an arctic ecosystem goes through a simple food chain, perhaps involving humans, moving from phytoplankton to zooplankton to fish to seals to polar bears, then which of the following could be true? 1. Polar bears can provide more food for humans than seals can. 2. The total biomass of the fish is lower than that of the seals. 3. Seal meat probably contains the highest concentrations of fat-soluble toxins. 4. Seal populations are larger than fish populations. 5. The fish can potentially provide more food for humans than the seal meat can.

The fish can potentially provide more food for humans than the seal meat can.

In 1756, a shipwrecked group of Italian pirates established a colony on a small island in the Pacific. Modern descendants of the pirate population have a higher incidence of red hair than do individuals in Italy. Based on this information alone, which of the following mechanisms of evolution best explains the frequency of red hair in the pirate descendants? 1. Gene flow 2. Sexual selection 3. The founder effect 4. Natural selection 5. Disruptive selection

The founder effect

How does the DNA synthesis of the lagging strand differ from the DNA synthesis of the leading strand? 1. The leading strand is synthesized continuously and the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously as Okazaki fragments 2. The synthesis of the leading strand is completed before the synthesis of the lagging strand 3. DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the growing leading strand, while DNA polymerase I adds nucleotides to the growing lagging strand 4. None are correct

The leading strand is synthesized continuously and the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously as Okazaki fragments

Carrying capacity is 1. Seldom exceeded in real populations 2. Fixed for most species over most of their range most of the time 3. Determined by density and dispersion data 4. The term used to describe the stress a population undergoes due to limited resources 5. The maximum population size that a particular environment can support

The maximum population size that a particular environment can support

A scientist determines that two organisms are members of the same species based on the size and shape of their reproductive organs. Which species concept is this scientist using? 1. The ecological species concept because of their reproductive organs are indicative of their ecological niche 2. The morphological species concept because the scientist is comparing physical characteristics 3. The Phylogenetic species concept because the scientist is considering the genetic basis for the similar phenotype 4. The biological species concept because the reproductive organs were in the same location on the body 5. The morphological species concept because the scientist is considering their ability to mate

The morphological species concept because the scientist is comparing physical characteristics

Which statement correctly explains the basis of hydrogen bonding in water? 1. Hydrogen bonding results from the same polarity of charges on the polar components of the water molecule 2. The partial positive charge on the oxygen atom of one water molecule attracts the partial negative charge on one of the hydrogen atoms in a different water molecule 3. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms within a water molecule 4. The partial negative charge on the oxygen atom of one water molecule attracts the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom in a different water molecule 5. Neutral charges on the polar components of the water molecule account for hydrogen bonding

The partial negative charge on the oxygen atom of one water molecule attracts the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom in a different water molecule

Trophic efficiency is 1. The ratio of net secondary production to assimilation of primary production. 2. The percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next. 3. A measure of how nutrients are cycled from one trophic level to the next. 4. Usually greater than production efficiencies. 5. About 90% in most ecosystems.

The percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem? 1. All of the brook trout in a 500-square-hectare river drainage system 2. The plants, animals, and decomposers that inhabit an alpine meadow 3. A pond and all of the plant and animal species that live in it 4. The intricate interactions of the various plant and animal species on a savanna during a drought 5. All of the organisms and their physical environment in a tropical rain forest

The plants, animals, and decomposers that inhabit an alpine meadow

As N approaches K for a certain population, which of the following is predicted by the logistic equation? 1. The population growth rate will not change 2. The population growth rate will approach zero 3. The population will increase exponentially 4. The carrying capacity of the environment will increase

The population growth rate will approach zero

Although extinction is a natural process, current extinctions are of concern to biologists because A. More animals than ever before are going extinct. B. Most current extinctions are caused by introduced species. C. The rate of extinction is higher than background extinction rates. 4. Current extinction is primarily affecting plant diversity.

The rate of extinction is higher than background extinction rates.

Which of the following is NOT true of science? 1. The ultimate goal of science is to make a list of all the true facts about the universe 2. Scientific inquiry is an ongoing process 3. Scientific results are typically peer-reviewed before publication 4. Science is a collaborative effort

The ultimate goal of science is to make a list of all the true facts about the universe

A labradoodle is a dog created from the mating of a Labrador retriever, known for its gentle nature, and a poodle, known for its low-shed coat. How does breeding of domesticated animals contrast natural selection? 1. Artificial breeding will eliminate the Labrador and poodle populations, and natural selection will increase their populations 2. Breeding is more effective at selecting for adaptive traits for survival than natural selection is 3. Breeding prevents the animals from passing favorable characteristics to the next generation 4. They are similar except that in natural selection the traits selected increase the population's fitness, while in artificial selection humans select for a trait that they desire, which may or may not improve the organism's fitness 5. Natural selection and breeding are the same

They are similar except that in natural selection the traits selected increase the population's fitness, while in artificial selection humans select for a trait that they desire, which may or may not improve the organism's fitness

Which of the following is an example of how the morphological species concept might be used to classify organisms? 1. Frogs that are able to mate and give rise to healthy offspring that go on to successfully reproduce are considered members of the same species 2. Two fossils from to extinct jungle cats are categorized as the same species based on the similar shape of the jawbone 3. Two kinds of wheat that release pollen at different times of the year are classified as different species because they are reproductively isolated 4. Birds that inhabit the same trees and utilize the same food source are categorized as the some species 5. Desert cacti with long, thick spines are considered the same species as desert cacti with short, thin spines

Two fossils from to extinct jungle cats are categorized as the same species based on the similar shape of the jawbone

Viruses are able to cause disease in living organisms. However, viruses are not made of cells. What does this mean? 1. Viruses must be living because they interact with living organisms 2. Viruses must be living because they replicate 3. Viruses must not be living because they are not made of cells 4. The cell theory must be wrong 5. Viruses must contain cells

Viruses must not be living because they are not made of cells

Why is water an excellent solvent for so many substance? 1. Water is a polar molecule, so its partial charges attract interact with polar or ionic molecules, forming hydration shells around substances, which aids their dissolution in the water 2. It is a monopole, resulting in hydrogen bonding between water molecules and solute molecules 3. Water is Nonpolar, which means it interacts well with polar and ionic substances 4. It is a monopole, resulting in hydrogen bonding within water molecules 5. None

Water is a polar molecule, so its partial charges attract interact with polar or ionic molecules, forming hydration shells around substances, which aids their dissolution in the water

Which of these equations describes an exponential model of population growth? 1. dN/dt = rN 2. N/t = N 3. dr/dN = rN 4. dN/dT = rN-1 5. None are correct

dN/dt = rN

In pea plants, yellow pea color (Y) is dominant to green pea color (y). a pea plant produces green peas. What is/are the possible genotype(s) of this plant? 1. YY 2. Yy 3. yy 4. Either Yy or YY 5. Either Yy or yy

yy