Bio 1101 Ch. 4

After a night of drinking too much alcohol, a person will rely on which organelles to help detoxify and recover? -Lysosomes -Smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Mitochondria -Golgi apparatus -Peroxisomes

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In animals, _____ is largely composed of extracellular matrix. -eye -muscle -cartilage -kidney -intestine

cartilage

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells that produce -steroids -lipids -glucose -starches -proteins

proteins

Comparing Bacterial, Animal, and Plant Cells: -Bacteria: -Animal Cells: -Plant Cells: -Cell Wall, Ribosomes, Membrane-bound organelles, Chloroplasts, Endomembrane System, Plasma Membrane, Multiple Linear Chromosomes, One Circular Chromosome, Mitochondria

-Bacteria: Cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, one circular chromosome -Animal: Plasma membrane, ribosomes, membrane bound organelles, multiple linear chromosomes, endomembrane system, mitochondria -Plant: Cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, membrane-bound organelles, multiple linear chromosomes, endomembrane system, mitochondria, chloroplasts

Identify the characteristic(s) that are associated with each cellular structure. -Nucleus: -Plasma Membrane: -Cytosol: -Endomembrane System: -Contains DNA -Contains sugars, salts, and amino acids -Semifluid matrix -Sorts proteins for secretion -Contains a nucleolus -Uses vesicles to transport proteins -Separates contents of cell from surroundings -Made up of phospholipid bilayer

-Nucleus: Contains DNA, Contains a nucleolus -Plasma Membrane: Separates contents of cell from surroundings, made up of phospholipid bilayer -Cytosol: Semifluid matrix, contains sugars salts and amino acids -Endomembrane System: Uses vesicles to transport proteins, sorts proteins for secretion

Plant cell wall: complete -The _____ is flexible and allows cells to increase in size. -The _____ provides considerable strength for the plant cell. -The main component of the cell wall is _____. -In plants, _____is a metabolite that hardens the wall. -Plant cell wall polysaccharides are made of repeating glucose _____. -Extracellular matrix, Fructose, Glucose, Cellulose, Secondary cell wall, Plasma Membrane, Primary Cell Wall, Lignin

-The **primary cell wall** is flexible and allows cells to increase in size. -The **secondary cell wall** provides considerable strength for the plant cell. -The main component of the cell wall is **cellulose**. -In plants, **lignin** is a metabolite that hardens the wall. -Plant cell wall polysaccharides are made of repeating glucose **molecules**.

Complete the sentences about ECM with the correct terms. -The _____of the ECM allows cartilage to resist compression. -The ECM provides _____ for animal skeletons. -The role of the ECM in cell _____ is important for the attachment of tendons to bones. -The role of the ECM in sensing the environment is provided by its _____ function. Movement, structural support, organization, cell signaling, strength, flexibility, transport

-The **strength** of the ECM allows cartilage to resist compression. -The ECM provides **structural support** for animal skeletons. -The role of the ECM in cell **organization** is important for the attachment of tendons to bones. -The role of the ECM in sensing the environment is provided by its **cell signaling** function.

Use correct term to complete: -These _____ organelles can grow and divide to reproduce themselves. -But they are not completely _____ because they depend on other parts of the cell for their internal components. -The _____ replicate within all eukaryotic cells and are involved in producing ATP from glucose. -The _____ replicate within plant cells and are involved in producing ATP by photosynthesis. Chloroplasts, nucleus, mitochondria, autonomous, semiautonomous

-These **semiautonomous** organelles can grow and divide to reproduce themselves. -But they are not completely **autonomous** because they depend on other parts of the cell for their internal components. -The **mitochondria** replicate within all eukaryotic cells and are involved in producing ATP from glucose. -The **chloroplasts** replicate within plant cells and are involved in producing ATP by photosynthesis.

Identify four main systems in eukaryotic cell, and associated structures: (see figure on q12) 1. 2. 3. 4. -Smooth ER, Semiautonomous Organelles, Mitochondria, Nucleus, Chloroplasts, Endomembrane System, Rough ER, Cytosol

1. Cytosol 2. Nucleus 3. Endomembrane System, Rough ER, Smooth ER 4. Semiautonomous Organelles, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria

Match the organelle with its function. -A. Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information -B. Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins -C. Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicle -D. Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis -E. "Power plants" of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism -F. Sites of photosynthesis -G. Regulates water levels in plant cells -G. Regulates water levels in plant cells Peroxisome, chloroplasts, vacuole, mitochondria, lysosomes, ER, nucleoid , Golgi apparatus

A. Instructions for protein synthesis and cell reproduction; contains genetic information Nucleoid B. Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins Endoplasmic reticulum C. Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicle Golgi apparatus D. Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis Lysosomes E. "Power plants" of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism Mitochondria F. Sites of photosynthesis Chloroplasts G. Regulates water levels in plant cells Vacuole H. Used in break down of fats and contains the enzyme catalase Peroxisome

The diagram shows the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Identify structures and functions. -Nucleolus -Nuclear Pore -Allows molecules to pass in and out of nucleus -Makes ribosomes -Chromatin -Envelope

Match to figure on q9

For each characteristic, identify if the characteristic is present in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, or all cells. Prokaryote: All cells: Eukaryote: -Cell Wall Containing peptides and carbohydrates -Plasma Membrane -Cytoskeleton -Mitochondria -Proteome -DNA -Glycocalyx -Ribosomes -Cell Wall Containing peptides and carbohydrates -Nucleoid region

Prokaryote: Cell Wall Containing peptides and carbohydrates, Glycocalyx, Nucleoid region All Cells: Plasma Membrane, Ribosomes, DNA, Proteome Eukaryote: Cytoskeleton, Mitochondria

The organelles most likely to have to ability to divide and reproduce themselves like a cell would be -mitochondria only. -chloroplasts only. -peroxisomes only. -both mitochondria and chloroplasts. -mitochondria, chloroplasts, and lysosomes.

both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the -Golgi apparatus. -lysosome -vesicle -endoplasmic reticulum. -mitochondria

endoplasmic reticulum.

Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes, in part because eukaryote cells -have a membrane-bound nucleus. -have true DNA. -use the cell's membrane rather than ribosomes for making proteins. -have flagella. -have ribosomes.

have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Due to the lack of an enzyme to break down lipids, excess accumulation of lipids in the brain leads to a human disease called Tay-Sachs syndrome. The organelles most likely to lack the proper enzyme needed for lipid breakdown are -lysosomes -tonoplasts -mitochondria -Golgi apparatus. -peroxisomes

lysosomes

Match each label with the correct structure in the figure. Vesicle, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane

match them to figure

Match each label with the correct structure in the figure: -Thylakoid lumen -Granum -Inner membrane -Stroma -Thylakoid -Outer membrane

match to q8

The main function of the nucleus is to __________. -translate proteins -synthesize lipids -produce energy -store genetic information

store genetic information

The protective layer outside of the plasma membrane of the plant cell is called -cellulose -proteoglycans -pectin -the cell wall. -chitin

the cell wall.

The specialized structure that stores pigments, water, inorganic ions and maintains turgor pressure is the -Golgi apparatus. -vacuole -peroxisome -vesicle -lysosome

vacuole

Match each label with the correct structure in the figure: -Cristae -Outer membrane -Intermembrane space -Mitochondrial matrix -Inner membrane

Match to figure q7

During a period of low water availability, the prokaryotic structure that would protect a cell from desiccation (drying out) is the -pili -plasma membrane. -nucleus -glycocalyx

glycocalyx

The route that most accurately describes secretory protein movement through the endomembrane would be __________. -Golgi apparatus→lysosome→vesicles→plasma membrane -plasmid→plasma membrane→nuclear envelope→smooth endoplasmic reticulum -nuclear envelope→vesicles→Golgi apparatus→plasma membrane -rough endoplasmic reticulum→lysosomes→vesicles→cell membrane -rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus→vesicles →plasma membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum→ Golgi apparatus→vesicles →plasma membrane