Bio 1110 Ch. 18 Introduction to Darwinian Evolution
Natural Selection results in
Adaptations
"Scale of nature"
Aristotle
Who arranged organisms into a scale of nature from simple to more complex?
Aristotle
The study of the past & present geographic distribution of organisms
Biogeography
In the struggle for existence, variations that are favorable to survival are preserved and passed on, while unfavorable variations are eliminated.
Darwin's Hypothesis
inherited changes within populations over time (across generations)
Evolution
True or False: Individuals can evolve.
FALSE
True or False: A scientific theory, like the theory of evolution, is just a hunch and is not based on observations or experimental evidence.
False
What does speciation usually start with?
Geographic isolation
Natural selection is based on four observations:
Heritable Variation Overproduction Struggle For Existence Differential Success & Reproduction
Features derived from the same common ancestor
Homologous features
Features that have similar fxns but evolved independently and therefore do not share a common ancestor
Homoplastic features
Which of the following people proposed that animals could pass down traits acquired during their lifetime?
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
1st scientist to propose that organisms change over time as a result of some natural phenomenon (nice try, but...)
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Proposed that organisms pass traits acquired during their lifetime to offspring -Heritability of Acquired Characteristics
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Evolutionary changes on a larger scale: evolution of new species (taxa)
Macroevolution
Small scale evolutionary changes that occur within populations of one species
Microevolution
The tendency of organisms with traits that are favorable to their environment to survive and pass those traits on to the next generation
Natural Selection
A widely accepted explanation supported by a wide body of observations and experiments
Scientific theory
Lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species
Speciation
Darwin was influenced by which of the following ideas and thinkers?
Thomas Malthus Charles Lyell artificial selection
True or False: Transitional fossils document evolution
True
Charles Darwin _____________ was instrumental to his development of a theory of evolution by natural selection.
Voyage on the HMS Beagle
Which of the following terms means evolutionary modifications that improve the chances of survival and reproductive success in a particular environment?
adaption
Homoplasy is an example of _____ evolution
convergent
Correctly interpreted mysterious fossils as the remains of once living organisms Fossils were once living organisms
da Vinci
________ are features found in related organisms that are derived from the same common ancestor.
homologous features
Because they have a similar function but evolved independently, bird wings and insect wings are an example of _____ ____.
homoplastic features
Evolution is the accumulation of ________ change in a _______ over time.
inherited / population
Two Scales of Evolution:
microevolution and macroevolution
Which of the following does the Modern Synthesis add to Darwinian evolution?
modern genetics