Bio 1110 Ch. 18 Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Natural Selection results in

Adaptations

"Scale of nature"

Aristotle

Who arranged organisms into a scale of nature from simple to more complex?

Aristotle

The study of the past & present geographic distribution of organisms

Biogeography

In the struggle for existence, variations that are favorable to survival are preserved and passed on, while unfavorable variations are eliminated.

Darwin's Hypothesis

inherited changes within populations over time (across generations)

Evolution

True or False: Individuals can evolve.

FALSE

True or False: A scientific theory, like the theory of evolution, is just a hunch and is not based on observations or experimental evidence.

False

What does speciation usually start with?

Geographic isolation

Natural selection is based on four observations:

Heritable Variation Overproduction Struggle For Existence Differential Success & Reproduction

Features derived from the same common ancestor

Homologous features

Features that have similar fxns but evolved independently and therefore do not share a common ancestor

Homoplastic features

Which of the following people proposed that animals could pass down traits acquired during their lifetime?

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

1st scientist to propose that organisms change over time as a result of some natural phenomenon (nice try, but...)

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Proposed that organisms pass traits acquired during their lifetime to offspring -Heritability of Acquired Characteristics

Jean Baptiste de Lamarck

Evolutionary changes on a larger scale: evolution of new species (taxa)

Macroevolution

Small scale evolutionary changes that occur within populations of one species

Microevolution

The tendency of organisms with traits that are favorable to their environment to survive and pass those traits on to the next generation

Natural Selection

A widely accepted explanation supported by a wide body of observations and experiments

Scientific theory

Lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species

Speciation

Darwin was influenced by which of the following ideas and thinkers?

Thomas Malthus Charles Lyell artificial selection

True or False: Transitional fossils document evolution

True

Charles Darwin _____________ was instrumental to his development of a theory of evolution by natural selection.

Voyage on the HMS Beagle

Which of the following terms means evolutionary modifications that improve the chances of survival and reproductive success in a particular environment?

adaption

Homoplasy is an example of _____ evolution

convergent

Correctly interpreted mysterious fossils as the remains of once living organisms Fossils were once living organisms

da Vinci

________ are features found in related organisms that are derived from the same common ancestor.

homologous features

Because they have a similar function but evolved independently, bird wings and insect wings are an example of _____ ____.

homoplastic features

Evolution is the accumulation of ________ change in a _______ over time.

inherited / population

Two Scales of Evolution:

microevolution and macroevolution

Which of the following does the Modern Synthesis add to Darwinian evolution?

modern genetics