Bio 1114 OCCC ch 6
electrons
NADH and FADH2 transfer ________ from the molecules of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration.
NADH FADH2
The electron transport chain utilizes the ________ and _______ produced in the previous reactions of aerobic respiration.
matrix
The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called the ________.
cristae
The folds of the inner mitochondria membrane are called _________, are they greatly increase the surface area of the inner membrane.
mitochondria
The oxygen-requiring reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur in the cell's _________.
oxidize; CO2, NADH, and FADH2
The reactions of the Krebs cycle ______ citrate as they produce ________.
requires energy
The synthesis of ATP
hydrogen
ATP synthase is an enzyme that forms a channel for _______ ions to diffuse across a membrane and power the formation ATP.
glucose;oxygen
Aerobic respiration captures energy from the oxidation of _____ and reduction of ______ and stores the captured energy in the bonds of ATP.
-FADH2 -CO2 -ATP -NADH
After glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle occur, and before molecules enter the electron transport chain, what has been produced from the original glucose molecule?
heat
Approximately 32% of the potential energy in a molecule of glucose is captured in ATP through aerobic respiration; the remainder is lost as ______.
citrate
At the beginning of the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA loses its coenzyme, and the two-carbon acetyl group combines with a four-carbon molecule, producing a six-carbon molecule called
aerobic respiration
C6 H12 O6+6O2--->6H2O+36ATP is the overall equation for what process?
Input -NAD+ -glucose Output -pyruvate NADH
Categorize the molecules as inputs or outputs of glycolysis.
potential
Cellular respiration uses the _______ energy in glucose to add a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.
some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because
in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Glycolysis can occur
Oxygen
Glycolysis does not require which of the following components for the pathway to occur?
cytoplasm
Glycolysis occurs in the _______ of all living cells.
Krebs cycle
In aerobic respiration, what process produces CO2, ATP, and electron carrier molecules?
pyruvate
In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into two molecules of _________, and energy is harvested as ATP and NADH.
hydrogen ions
In the electron transport chain, electrons are shuttled through a series of membrane proteins, which creates a gradient of
Krebs cycle in prokaryotes- cytoplasm Krebs cycle in eukaryotes- mitochondrial matrix electron transport in prokaryotes-cell membrane electron transport in eukaryotes-inner mitochondrial membrane
Match the aerobic respiration step with the correct location where it occurs in the cell in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes.
theoretical total- 36 ATP glycolysis- produces 4 ATP but requires 2 ATP; so net 2 ATP are produced Krebs cycle- 2 ATP electron transport- 34 ATP
Match the pathways of aerobic respiration with the correct number of ATP generated during the passage of one molecule of glucose.
ATP- supplies power to almost all cellular activities requiring energy photosynthesis- uses light energy to produce food in the form of glucose cellular respiration- converts the energy in food to an energy carrier
Match the term with the correct description concerning food and energy.
ATP
Mutations to mitochondrial DNA may cause severe disorders if the genes that encode electron transport proteins or ATP synthase are affected because ______ might not be generated.
animals and plants
Plants conduct photosynthesis. Which of the following conduct cellular respiration?
TRUE
Plants use a portion of the glucose they produce in photosynthesis to make ATP in cellular respiration.
1) glycolysis 2) Krebs cycle 3) electron transport
Rank the 3 groups of reactions of aerobic respiration in the order they occur, beginning with the first stage of cellular respiration at the top.
-acetyl CoA -CO2 -NADH
Select all of the following that are outputs of pyruvate oxidation.
-FADH2 -NADH
Select all the products of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle that carry electrons to the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.
in pathways that manufacture amino acids or lipids
The Krebs cycle not only produces ATP and electron carriers, but intermediate molecules formed in the Krebs cycle can also be used
carbon dioxide
The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH, FADH2, and releases _________, which contains the carbon atoms remaining from the original 6 carbon glucose molecule
intermembrane
The area between the outer and inner membranes of a mitochondrion is called the _________ compartment.
-protons leak across the inner mitochondria membrane without using ATP synthase -ATP is spent transporting ADP and pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix
What causes the difference between the theoretical and actual yields of ATP in aerobic respiration.
ATP synthase
What enzyme uses the energy of a proton gradient to combine a phosphate and ADP?
Oxygen
What is the final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration?
NADH;FADH2
When the electron carrier molecules _______ and ________ interact with a series of membrane proteins in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, electrons are removed and the resulting energy is used to pump protons into the intermembrane compartment
