Bio 1114 OCCC ch 6

electrons

NADH and FADH2 transfer ________ from the molecules of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration.

NADH FADH2

The electron transport chain utilizes the ________ and _______ produced in the previous reactions of aerobic respiration.

matrix

The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion is called the ________.

cristae

The folds of the inner mitochondria membrane are called _________, are they greatly increase the surface area of the inner membrane.

mitochondria

The oxygen-requiring reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur in the cell's _________.

oxidize; CO2, NADH, and FADH2

The reactions of the Krebs cycle ______ citrate as they produce ________.

requires energy

The synthesis of ATP

hydrogen

ATP synthase is an enzyme that forms a channel for _______ ions to diffuse across a membrane and power the formation ATP.

glucose;oxygen

Aerobic respiration captures energy from the oxidation of _____ and reduction of ______ and stores the captured energy in the bonds of ATP.

-FADH2 -CO2 -ATP -NADH

After glycolysis, oxidation of pyruvate, and the Krebs cycle occur, and before molecules enter the electron transport chain, what has been produced from the original glucose molecule?

heat

Approximately 32% of the potential energy in a molecule of glucose is captured in ATP through aerobic respiration; the remainder is lost as ______.

citrate

At the beginning of the Krebs cycle, acetyl CoA loses its coenzyme, and the two-carbon acetyl group combines with a four-carbon molecule, producing a six-carbon molecule called

aerobic respiration

C6 H12 O6+6O2--->6H2O+36ATP is the overall equation for what process?

Input -NAD+ -glucose Output -pyruvate NADH

Categorize the molecules as inputs or outputs of glycolysis.

potential

Cellular respiration uses the _______ energy in glucose to add a phosphate to ADP, forming ATP.

some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because

in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Glycolysis can occur

Oxygen

Glycolysis does not require which of the following components for the pathway to occur?

cytoplasm

Glycolysis occurs in the _______ of all living cells.

Krebs cycle

In aerobic respiration, what process produces CO2, ATP, and electron carrier molecules?

pyruvate

In glycolysis, a glucose molecule is split into two molecules of _________, and energy is harvested as ATP and NADH.

hydrogen ions

In the electron transport chain, electrons are shuttled through a series of membrane proteins, which creates a gradient of

Krebs cycle in prokaryotes- cytoplasm Krebs cycle in eukaryotes- mitochondrial matrix electron transport in prokaryotes-cell membrane electron transport in eukaryotes-inner mitochondrial membrane

Match the aerobic respiration step with the correct location where it occurs in the cell in prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and eukaryotes.

theoretical total- 36 ATP glycolysis- produces 4 ATP but requires 2 ATP; so net 2 ATP are produced Krebs cycle- 2 ATP electron transport- 34 ATP

Match the pathways of aerobic respiration with the correct number of ATP generated during the passage of one molecule of glucose.

ATP- supplies power to almost all cellular activities requiring energy photosynthesis- uses light energy to produce food in the form of glucose cellular respiration- converts the energy in food to an energy carrier

Match the term with the correct description concerning food and energy.

ATP

Mutations to mitochondrial DNA may cause severe disorders if the genes that encode electron transport proteins or ATP synthase are affected because ______ might not be generated.

animals and plants

Plants conduct photosynthesis. Which of the following conduct cellular respiration?

TRUE

Plants use a portion of the glucose they produce in photosynthesis to make ATP in cellular respiration.

1) glycolysis 2) Krebs cycle 3) electron transport

Rank the 3 groups of reactions of aerobic respiration in the order they occur, beginning with the first stage of cellular respiration at the top.

-acetyl CoA -CO2 -NADH

Select all of the following that are outputs of pyruvate oxidation.

-FADH2 -NADH

Select all the products of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle that carry electrons to the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.

in pathways that manufacture amino acids or lipids

The Krebs cycle not only produces ATP and electron carriers, but intermediate molecules formed in the Krebs cycle can also be used

carbon dioxide

The Krebs cycle produces ATP, NADH, FADH2, and releases _________, which contains the carbon atoms remaining from the original 6 carbon glucose molecule

intermembrane

The area between the outer and inner membranes of a mitochondrion is called the _________ compartment.

-protons leak across the inner mitochondria membrane without using ATP synthase -ATP is spent transporting ADP and pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix

What causes the difference between the theoretical and actual yields of ATP in aerobic respiration.

ATP synthase

What enzyme uses the energy of a proton gradient to combine a phosphate and ADP?

Oxygen

What is the final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration?

NADH;FADH2

When the electron carrier molecules _______ and ________ interact with a series of membrane proteins in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, electrons are removed and the resulting energy is used to pump protons into the intermembrane compartment