Bio 112 - 3.3 - Glycolysis
what happens in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
2 ATP phosphorylate glucose and produce 2 molecules of two 3-carbon sugars
what does glycolysis begin with? what does it produce?
a single molecule of glucose and it produces two molecules of pyruvate (3 carbons each), 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH molecules
is glycolysis anaerobic or anabolic? why?
anaerobic because oxygen is not consumed
what is the most oxidized form of glucose
carbon dioxide!
in bacteria, glycolysis, acetyl coA synthesis and the citric acid cycle all take place in the ____________
cytoplasm
in eukaryotes, where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
what is the only location aerobic cellular respiration takes place in bacteria cells?
cytoplasm
what are the 3 phases of glycolysis?
energy investment, cleavage and pay off
what are the inputs of glycolysis?
glucose
what are the inputs of aerobic cellular reparation of glucose?
glucose, O2, little bit of ATP, ADP and Pi (NAD+ and NADH but no net change since whatever goes in comes out)
what are the 4 main steps in aerobic cellular respiration
glycolysis, acetyl coA synthesis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotes?
in the cytoplasm of the cell
in eukaryotes where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
in the inner membrane
in bacteria, where does oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes take place?
in the plasma membrane
what role does NAD+ play in glycolysis?
it is the oxidized form of the carrier, will grab electrons, bring them in, and then will be an output as NADH
what are the outputs of aerobic cellular reparation of glucose?
lots of ATP, CO2 and water
in eukaryotes where does the citric acid cycle take place?
mitochondrial matrix
in eukaryotes, where does acetyl coA synthesis take place?
mitochondrial matrix
is any CO2 formed in glycolysis?
no! because glucose has not fully been oxidized yet
is NAD+ the oxidized or reduced form? how many electrons can it gain/lose?
oxidized form. it can accept 2 electrons
what happens in the cleavage phase of glycolysis?
phosphrylated sugar is split into two 3-carbon sugars
what are the outputs of glycolysis?
pyruvate, ATP and 2 NADH molecules
what happens in the payoff phase of glycolysis?
redox reactions oxidize the sugar, reduce NAD+ to form NADH and form 4 ATP
is NADH the oxidized or reduced form? how many electrons can it gain/lose?
reduced form. it can donate many high energy electrons (has high potential energy)
how much energy does substrate level phosphorylation produce?
small amt of ATP
how is the ATP produced in phase III of glycolysis?
substrate level phosphorylation
what does glycolysis result in?
the partial oxidation of glucose and the synthesis of a relatively small amount of ATP and electron carriers
what is the main purpose of glycolysis?
to generate ATP from glucose
what is the overall goal of glycolysis?
to split glucose into two pyruvate molecules, generate some ATP and high energy intermediates to carry forward to next set of reactions
substrate level phosphorylation?
when an enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from a phosphorylated molecule (substrate) to ADP
when do carbon atoms get oxidized?
when they gain oxygen or lose hydrogen (essentially the same thing)
