BIO 1310, CHAPTER 8

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis? A. The chromosomes must be duplicated. B. The nucleus must divide in two. C. The sister chromatids must be separated. D. A mitotic spindle must form. E. The nuclear envelope must break up.

A. The chromosomes must be duplicated

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have A. a similar but not identical combination of genes. B. identical chromosomes but different genes. C. the same combination of traits but different genes. D. identical genes but different chromosomes.

A. a similar but not identical combination of genes.

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they A. are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. B. are circular in structure. C.include fewer proteins. D. are simpler.

A. are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus.

Which of the following occurs during interphase? A. cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes B. separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell C.a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane D. cytokinesis

A. cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes

Prior to mitosis and after S phase, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called A. sister chromosomes. B. sister chromatids. C. nucleoli. D. chromatin.

B. sister chromatids.

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! You realize that this cell is A. about to undergo mitosis. B. undergoing cytokinesis. C.in the S phase of interphase. D.in the G1 phase of interphase.

B. undergoing cytokinesis.

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? A. telophase B.interphase C.prophase D.metaphase

B.interphase

Which of the following statements regarding the cell cycle control system is false? A. The cell cycle control system includes three key checkpoints to complete a cell cycle. B. The cell cycle control system receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division. C. The cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors. D. The cell cycle control system triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle.

C. The cell cycle control system operates independently of the growth factors.

Sister chromatids are A. unique to prokaryotes. B. made only of DNA. C. joined together at a centromere. D. found immediately after a cell divides.

C. joined together at a centromere.

Synapsis occurs during _____. A. prophase II B. telophase I C. prophase I D. anaphase I

C. prophase I

Which of the following is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis? A.Chromosomes condense. B.Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. C. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. D. Synapsis occurs.

D. Synapsis occurs.

Bacteria divide by: A. sexual reproduction B. mitosis C. meiosis D. binary fission

D. binary fission

The first step of bacterial replication is _____.

DNA replication

After fertilization, the resulting zygote begins to divide by __________.

MITOSIS

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells?

all of the above are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

anaphase

At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _________________.

cytokinesis

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called

cytokinesis.

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

metaphase

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

prophase

The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is

prophase

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

telophase

The term binary fission is best applied to _____. A. prokaryotes B. plants C. nuclear chemistry D. mitosis

A. prokaryotes

Crossing over is important because it __________. A. allows the exchange of different versions of genes between homologous chromosomes B. prevents variation in gametes C. holds tetrads together D. ensures that homologous chromosomes pair up

A. allows the exchange of different versions of genes between homologous chromosomes

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I results in an increase in the number of A. possible combinations of characteristics. B. gametes. C. sex chromosomes. D. homologous chromosomes.

A. possible combinations of characteristics.

At the start of mitotic anaphase, A. the centromeres of each chromosome come apart. B. the chromatid DNA replicates. C. equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes have reached the two poles. D. nuclear envelopes begin to form around the chromosomes.

A. the centromeres of each chromosome come apart

Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by A.interphase. B. prometaphase. C.prophase. D. telophase.

A.interphase.

Which of the following is a feature of plant cell division that distinguishes it from animal cell division? A. formation of a cleavage furrow B. formation of a cell plate C. lack of cytokinesis D. production of four (rather than two) new cells per mitotic division

B. formation of a cell plate

In anaphase I, __________. A. the sister chromatids move toward opposite poles B. homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles C. homologous chromosomes move randomly toward either pole D. the sister chromatids move randomly toward either pole

B. homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles

Crossing over occurs during _____. A. prophase II B. prophase I C. metaphase II D. metaphase I

B. prophase I

Crossing over of chromosomes during meiosis shuffles parental chromosomes, resulting in a genetically unique child. ---Select the three true statements about crossing over. A. Chromosomes from the egg and the sperm undergo crossing over immediately after fertilization occurs. B. A hybrid chromosome that has crossed over will contain pieces of both the maternal and paternal chromosomes. C. Chiasmata in nonsister chromatids decrease the genetic variability produced during crossing over. D. During prophase I of meiosis I, homologous paternal and maternal chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. E. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate into four different gametes.

B. A hybrid chromosome that has crossed over will contain pieces of both the maternal and paternal chromosomes. D. During prophase I of meiosis I, homologous paternal and maternal chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. E. During meiosis II, sister chromatids separate into four different gametes.

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false? A. Cell division can reproduce an entire organism. B. Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes. C. Cell division is necessary for development to occur. D. Cell division is the basis of both sexual and asexual reproduction.

B. Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes.

Which of the following statements regarding the differences between mitosis and meiosis is false? A. In meiosis four daughter cells are produced, whereas in mitosis two daughter cells are produced. B. Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis. C. In mitosis cytokinesis occurs once, whereas in meiosis cytokinesis occurs twice.

B. Crossing over is a phenomenon that creates genetic diversity during mitosis.

Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false? A. All sexual life cycles involve an alternation of diploid and haploid stages. B. Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. C. In animals, meiosis only occurs in the ovaries and testes. D. A normal human zygote has 46 chromosomes.

B. Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

The function of meiosis is to make __________. A. four cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell B. one cell with twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell C.four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes D. exact copies of the parent cell

C.four cells with a haploid number of chromosomes

A benign and a malignant tumor differ in that _____. A. cells of a benign tumor spread by metastasis and cells of a malignant tumor spread by expansion of the tumor mass B.a benign tumor only forms from solid tissues such as skin or muscle and a malignant tumor only forms from blood and lymphatic tissue C. benign tumors are harmless and malignant tumors are lethal D. cells of a benign tumor remain within the tumor, whereas cells of a malignant tumor can spread to other body tissues

D. cells of a benign tumor remain within the tumor, whereas cells of a malignant tumor can spread to other body tissues

Rank from the first event to the last event, left to right. 1. homologous chromosomes pair up 2. nonsister chromatids form chiasmata 3. crossing over occurs 4. homologous chromosomes separate 5. sister chromatids separate 6. four haploid gametes are produced

THEY ARE IN ORDER