BIO 150 Ch-21

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is _______. A. coronavirus B. adenovirus C. rhinovirus D. herpes simplex virus E. retrovirus

C. rhinovirus

An induration of less than 5mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

TRUE

Pertussis outbreaks still occur in the United States.

TRUE

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

TRUE

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

TRUE

The major reservoir for the hantavirus is the deer mouse.

TRUE

The pathogen that causes Legionnaires'pneumonia also causes a milder infection called Pontiac fever.

TRUE

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

TRUE

Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

FALSE

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

FALSE

Treatment for diphtheria requires only penicillin or erythromycin.

FALSE

Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis? A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) B. Mycobacterium kansasii C. Mycobacterium scrofulaceum D. Mycobacterium fortuitum complex E. Mycobacterium marinum

A. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species? A. All species are human pathogens. B. Cell walls have waxy lipids. C. It is an acid-fast bacterium. D. It exhibits a very slow growth rate. E. Cells appear as long, slender rods via microscopy.

A. All species are human pathogens.

The causative organism of whooping cough is ______. A. Bordetella pertussis B. Streptococcus pneumoniae C. Haemophilus influenzae D. Streptococcus pyogenes E. Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

A. Bordetella pertussis

Which is incorrect about Mycoplasma pneumoniae? A. Has birds as a reservoir B. Common cause of primary atypical pneumonia C. Initially causes fever, malaise, sore throat, and headache D. After 2 to 3 weeks, develops into an unproductive cough and earache E. Is a bacterial cell without a cell wall

A. Has birds as a reservoir

Which antibody is concentrated in the respiratory tract? A. IgA B. IgE C. IgG D. IgM E. IgD

A. IgA

Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum? A. It grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings. B. It is a protozoan. C. It is a dermatophyte. D. It grows in dry, arid soil.

A. It grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) A. causes high fever, pneumonia, and respiratory distress. B. began with an initial outbreak in the United States and then spread to Canada and China. C. is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. D. is classified as an opportunistic infection.

A. causes high fever, pneumonia, and respiratory distress.

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in cases of _______. A. diphtheria B. pharyngitis C. tuberculosis D. pertussis E. SARS

A. diphtheria

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except A. the reservoir is human carriers. B. it is a zoonosis. C. symptoms are abrupt fever, lung edema, respiratory distress, and hypotension. D. it is transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta. E. the first U.S. outbreak occurred in 1993 in the southwest.

A. the reservoir is human carriers.

Extrapulmonary TB is more common in A. young children and immunosuppressed patients. B. the elderly. C. organ transplant patients. D. AIDS patients. E. All of the choices are correct.

A. young children and immunosuppressed patients.

Normal biota of the respiratory tract A. are localized to the nasopharynx only. B. can cause disease in immunocompromised patients. C. do not include yeasts or viruses. D. only include Staphylococcus aureus. E. are only comprised of staphylococcal species.

B. can cause disease in immunocompromised patients.

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______. A. scarlet fever B. otitis media C. rheumatic fever D. glomerulonephritis

B. otitis media

Pertussis has all of the following characteristics except A. the pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia. B. the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops." C. the early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing. D. DTaP immunization will prevent it. E. transmission is by respiratory droplets.

B. the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops."

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis? A. Endotoxin B. Tracheal cytotoxin C. M protein D. Pertussis toxin E. Filamentous hemagglutinin

C. M protein

Which of the following is caused by Haemophilus influenzae in the respiratory tract? A. Bacterial meningitis B. Influenza (flu) C. Otitis media D. Bronchitis E. Epiglottitis

C. Otitis media

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract? A. Mouth B. Nasal cavity C. Trachea D. Pharynx E. Larynx

C. Trachea

Mycobacterium tuberculosis A. produces several virulence factor enzymes and an exotoxin. B. integrates its genome into host cell DNA. C. can survive for 8 months in fine aerosol particles. D. has a capsule. E. lives in the soil

C. can survive for 8 months in fine aerosol particles.

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic ________, or alternatively antigenic ________, which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain. A. drift; exchange B. exchange; drift C. drift; shift D. shift; drift

C. drift; shift

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ______. A. southeast B. southwest C. east and Midwest D. northeast E. Rocky Mountains

C. east and Midwest

Symptoms of influenza include A. nasal discharge, mild fever, and absence of cough. B. fever, diarrhea, and vomiting. C. fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge. D. fever, sore throat, rash, and cough. E. fever and pneumonia.

C. fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge.

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of ______. A. neutrophils B. basophils C. mononuclear cells D. polymorphonuclear leukocytes E. antibodies

C. mononuclear cells

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions, they gradually heal by calcification that replaces normal lung tissue. A. primary B. secondary C. necrotic caseous D. granuloma E. tertiary

C. necrotic caseous

Cold viruses are transmitted by _______. A. droplet contact B. indirect contact C. direct contact D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract? A. Competes with pathogens for resources and space B. Microbial antagonism C. Provides antibodies D. Both [competes with pathogens for resources and space] and [microbial antagonism] are correct. E. All of these three functions are correct.

D. Both [competes with pathogens for resources and space] and [microbial antagonism] are correct.

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough? A. Secondary infections can occur during the convalescent phase. B. It is caused by a small, aerobic, gram-negative rod. C. Incubation period is 3-21 days. D. Cold-like symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage. E. An uncontrollable cough occurs during the paroxysmal stage.

D. Cold-like symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage.

The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is ______. A. DTaP B. Pneumovax C. MMR D. Hib

D. Hib

Which of the following statements is not true regarding streptococcal pharyngitis? A. It presents with a purulent exudate over the tonsils. B. It can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain. C. It can lead to serious sequelae. D. It is usually caused by the viridans streptococci. E. It causes redness, difficulty in swallowing, and fever.

D. It is usually caused by the viridans streptococci.

Which opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients? A. Cryptococcus neoformans B. Candida albicans C. Malassezia furfur D. Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

D. Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Which of the following is true about sinusitis caused by allergy? A. Produces a greenish or yellowish mucous discharge B. Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae C. Usually introduced by trauma D. Produces a clear, watery discharge E. Preceded by viral rhinitis

D. Produces a clear, watery discharge

Rheumatic fever is caused by a(n) _____ infection. A. primary streptococcal B. primary viral C. opportunistic streptococcal D. endogenous

D. endogenous

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is _______. A. exotoxin B. direct contact C. indirect contact D. endogenous infection E. droplet contact

D. endogenous infection

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ______. A. catalase B. reverse transcriptase C. hyaluronidase D. neuraminidase E. kinase

D. neuraminidase

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.

FALSE

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a/an ______. A. chest X ray B. acid-fast stain of sputum C. sputum culture D. tuberculin skin test E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Disease/s caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae include _______. A. otitis media B. meningitis C. lobar pneumonia D. bronchial pneumonia E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Respiratory syncytial virus A. causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger. B. uses the nasopharynx as its main replication site. C. can be treated with the antiviral aerosol ribavirin. D. has symptoms of dyspnea and rales. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is A. alpha-hemolytic on blood agar. B. found in up to 50% of people as normal biota. C. a gram-positive diplococcus with a capsule. D. a pathogen with endotoxin. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Superantigens A. include streptolysin O. B. include erythrogenic toxin. C. induce production of tumor necrosis factor. D. are potent stimulators of T cells. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Tuberculin skin testing A. involves the injection of PPD intradermally. B. uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. C. will be positive if person has had previous exposure. D. will be positive in active TB. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Virulence factors of S. pyogenes include A. polysaccharides on the cell wall. B. lipoteichoic acid. C. spiky M proteins. D. hyaluronic acid capsule. E. All of the choices are correct

E. All of the choices are correct.

What features of the respiratory system protect it from infection? A. Nasal hairs B. Cilia C. Mucus D. Macrophages E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is/are the main causative agent/s of pharyngitis? A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Aspergillus fumigatus C. Viruses D. Both Aspergillus fumigatus and viruses are correct. E. Both Streptococcus pyogenes and viruses are correct.

E. Both Streptococcus pyogenes and viruses are correct.

61. Of the six Category A diseases listed by the U.S. Public Health Service, which affect/s the respiratory tract? A. Botulism B. Pneumonic plague C. Tularemia D. Smallpox E. Both pneumonic plague and tularemia are correct.

E. Both pneumonic plague and tularemia are correct.

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ______. A. penicillin V B. eryrthromycin C. tetracyline D. vancomycin E. Ketek

E. Ketek

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system? A. Alveoli B. Bronchi C. Bronchioles D. Trachea E. Sinuses

E. Sinuses

The most common causative agent of otitis media is ______. A. Aspergillus fumigatus B. Haemophilus influenzae C. Candida albicans D. Corynebacterium diphtheriae E. Streptococcus pneumoniae

E. Streptococcus pneumoniae

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except A. live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life. B. symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever, coughing, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. C. lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB. D. the BCG vaccine is used in other countries. E. antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis.

E. antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis.

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires'disease.

FALSE

Antibiotic treatment immediately upon the diagnosis of otitis media is standard procedure today.

FALSE