BIO 183 Final Exam Review

tertiary protein structure

3-dimensional shape of polypeptide chain

Have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan

A gram positive bacterium would... - not have any cell wall - have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan - have a thin cell wall made of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane.

False

An uncharged species of nitrogen that has a mass of 15 AMUs would be called a nitrogen ion -true -false

True

DNA and RNA nucleotides have a sugar component (True or false)

4

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form? -3 -2 -4 -5 -1

Lysosomes

In eukaryotes, endocytosed solid particles are broken into smaller subunits by -the rough endoplasmic reticulum -lysosomes -the Golgi apparatus -vacuoles -the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

In plant cells, most of the ATP to be used by the cell is produced by which of the following? -chloroplasts -ribosomes -the smooth endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondria -the rough -endoplasmic reticulum

0

The atomic number of hydrogen is 1, and its mass is 1.00784 amu. How many neutrons does elemental hydrogen (H) contain? -4 -2 -0 -1 -3

covalent bonds

The bonds that hold hydrogen and oxygen within a water molecule are called

false

True or false: you would expect the cells found in the liver of an elephant to be about 100 times larger than the cells found in your own liver.

-5 to -100 millivolts

What is the average intracellular voltage of most cells?

it is almost identical to your mother's mitochondrial DNA, and it is virtually identical to all the cells in your body.

Which of the following is true regarding your mitochondrial DNA?

chtin

Which of the following polysaccharides are you most likely to find in the exoskeleton of a locust (grasshopper)?

quaternary protein structure

assembly of subunits into functional protein

facilitated diffusion

during the "firing" of a neuron, sodium moves along (down) its concentration gradient, from the extracellular environment into the cell. This is an example of -secondary active transport -osmosis -simple diffusion -facilitated diffusion -primary active transport

secondary protein structure

hydrogen bonding within peptide backbone (alpha helix)

primary protein structure

linear sequence of amino acids

less

proportionally to its volume, a basketball has (more or less) surface area than a marble.

hydrolysis

proteins are broken down into individual amino acids during a process known as -decarboxylation -hydrolysis -deglycosylation -denaturation -dehydration

lysosomes

the hydrolysis of macromolecule and organelles that are no longer needed in the cells is most likely to take place in which of the following?

very large smooth endoplasmic reticulum

the liver is heavily involved in detoxifying the blood. Based on this statement, which of the following characteristic would you expect to best describe liver cells (=hepatocytes)?

active transport requires energy while passive transport does not, and active transport involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient

the main difference between active and passive transport across a cell membrane is

a double membrane of phospholipids arranged in a fluid-mosaic of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

the plasma membrane is best described as:

gap junctions

the small intercellular connections made of the protein connexin that allow the passage of small molecules such as Ca ++ and ATP between adjacent animal cells are known as...

both proteins and nucleic acids

urea is one of the first organic compounds to be synthesized in a dish. Our cells produce urea to get rid of nitrogenous wastes. Based on your knowledge of macromolecules, you would expect nitrogenous wastes to come from the metabolism of

liquid state

water has its highest density when it is in its...

presence of double bonds in the fatty acyl chains

which of the following factors contributes significantly to increasing cell membrane fluidity at room temperature?

lactose is composed of galactose and glucose

which of the following is accurate regarding lactose?

fructose

which of the following is/are a monosaccharide? -lactose -cellulose -fructose -sucrose

a nucleotide

which of the following molecules most closely resembles ATP?