bio 184 ch 12

The transcriptional start site is denoted as ______.

+1

The template strand of a gene has the sequence: 5'-ATTGCC-3'. What is the sequence of the transcribed mRNA?

5'-GGCAAU-3'

Part of the coding region of a gene is shown here: 5'-TTCCCATTTCGATGGGATACGATGG-3' 3'-AAGGGTAAAGCTACCCTATGCTACC-5' What is the sequence of the transcribed mRNA, assuming transcription proceeds left to right?

5'-UUCCCAUUUCGAUGGGAUACGAUGG-3'

What is the core promoter?

A relatively short DNA sequence that is necessary for transcription to take place

In eukaryotic protein-encoding genes, three categories of proteins are required for basal transcription at the core promoter: RNA polymerase Blank 1Blank 1 ii , Correct Unavailable, general transcription Blank 2Blank 2 factors , Correct Unavailable, and a complex called mediator.

Blank 1: II, 2, or two Blank 2: factors or factor

The phenomenon whereby different combinations of exons are joined to produce different mRNAs from the same transcript is called (or exon shuffling).

Blank 1: alternative, alternative splicing, or alternate Blank 2: splicing

A small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) consists of small ___ ___ and protiens

Blank 1: nuclear Blank 2: RNA, RNA's, or RNAs

The first DNA base used as a template for RNA synthesis is called the

Blank 1: transcriptional or transcription Blank 2: start site

True or false: A gene is a DNA segment that is used to make a polypeptide only.

False

Who proposed the existence of messenger RNA in 1961?

Jacob and Monod

what three categories of proteins are needed for basal transcription of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes?

Mediator RNA polymerase II General transcription factors

Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod hypothesized the existence of which molecule?

Messenger RNA

The process by which the nucleotide sequence of a mRNA molecule is changed after it has been transcribed is called

RNA editing

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA polymerases is true?

RNA pol I transcribes most rRNAs; RNA pol II transcribes all mRNAs; RNA pol III transcribes all tRNAs

RNA polymerase I matches Choice, The majority of rRNA genes The majority of rRNA genes RNA polymerase II matches Choice, All protein-encoding genes All protein-encoding genes RNA polymerase III matches Choice, All tRNA genes and the 5S rRNA gene All tRNA genes and the 5S rRNA gene

RNA polymerase I matches Choice, The majority of rRNA genes The majority of rRNA genes RNA polymerase II matches Choice, All protein-encoding genes All protein-encoding genes RNA polymerase III matches Choice, All tRNA genes and the 5S rRNA gene All tRNA genes and the 5S rRNA gene

Which of the following are the two mechanisms of transcription termination in E. coli?

Rho-dependent termination Rho-independent termination

Which of the following are features of transcription in eukaryotes only?

Termination occurs according to the allosteric or torpedo model Presence of three types of RNA polymerases Addition of 7-methylguanosine cap Mediator controls the switch to the elongation phase

What marks the transition to the elongation stage of transcription in bacteria?

The release of the sigma factor from the RNA pol holoenzyme

After RNA polymerase II transcribes the polyadenylation signal, it is destabilized and dissociates from the DNA. This describes the model of transcription termination in eukaryotes.

allosteric

The addition of a 7-methylguanosine to the 5' end of a mature mRNA is a process known as

capping

The relationship between the sequence of codons in DNA and the amino acid sequence of a peptide is known as

colinearity

A DNA segment that encodes a functional product, either an RNA molecule or a polypeptide, is termed a(n)

gene

At the molecular level, ______ is the process by which a gene's information is used to produce a polypeptide or functional RNA molecule.

gene expression

The overall process by which the information within a gene is used to produce a functional product is called

gene expression

The three stages of transcription are called

initiation, elongation, termination

n eukaryotes, the assembly of ribosomal subunits occurs in a site within the nucleus called the

nucleolus

E. coli employs two different mechanisms for transcription termination. One requires an RNA binding protein and is called _______ termination. The mechanism that does not involve this binding protein is called _______termination.

rho dependent and rho independent

The nucleolus in eukaryotes is the site of processing of ______ RNA

ribosomal

The removal of introns where RNA functions as its own ribozyme is a process called ______-splicing.

self

The transition from the initiation to the elongation phase of bacterial transcription is marked by the release of the

sigma factor

An exonuclease binds to the 5'-end of the RNA that is being transcribed and degrades it in the 5' to 3' direction. The exonuclease then catches up to RNA polymerase II and causes termination. This describes the model of transcription termination in eukaryotes.

torpedo