Bio 2 Unit 6

What portion of the child population in the US is obese? 15-20% 20-30% 30-40% 5-10%

15-20%

If a man is 6' 2" tall and weighs 250 pounds, his BMI would be approximately _____. 15 30 20 25

30

At what value is obesity defined in terms of a body mass index (BMI)? 30 or greater 15 or greater 10 or greater 20 or greater

30 or greater

The small intestine of an adult human is about how long? 1.5 meters (4.5 feet) 3 meters (9 feet) 6 meters (18 feet) 9 meters (27 feet)

6 meters (18 feet)

What leads to rickets in children? A calcium shortage Obesity Improper conditioning A vitamin D shortage

A vitamin D shortage

Select all functions of the large intestine. Absorb water Absorb some vitamins Produce digestive enzymes Produce bile Forms feces

Absorb water, Absorb some vitamins, Forms feces Cecum and colon absorb water and vitamins, rectum forms feces, anal canal defecation

Select all of the enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. Trypsin Amylase Pepsin Lipase Lactase

Amylase, Lactase

Select all of the digestive enzymes that are produced by the pancreas. Amylase Nuclease Lactase Pepsin Lipase

Amylase, Nuclease, Lipase

Select all of the following foods that are good sources of complex carbohydrates. Beans Meat Honey Fruits Nuts

Beans, Fruits, Nuts

Gallstones result from a hardening of what bodily fluid? Urine Semen Lymph Bile

Bile

Select all common symptoms or signs of lactose intolerance. Bloating Excessive gas Excessive urination Abdominal cramps Constipation

Bloating, Excessive gas, Abdominal cramps

A shortage of what specific nutrient can lead to osteoporosis? Calcium Sodium Vitamin A Iron

Calcium

The appendix is a small projection from what part of the large intestine? Cecum Rectum Anal canal Colon

Cecum

Select all of the parts of the large intestine. Cecum Rectum Jejunum Colon Ileum

Cecum, Rectum, Colon

Mouth: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach

Chews and tastes food

In which diagnostic procedure is a camera inserted into the GI tract, usually via the anus? Colonoscopy Sphygmomanometry Magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalogram

Colonoscopy

Select all correct descriptions of the liver. Located in the lower right section of the thoracic cavity Composed of a large number of functional units called lobules Largest gland in body Receives blood from the GI tract Removes poisonous substances from the blood

Composed of a large number of functional units called lobules, Largest gland in body, Receives blood from the GI tract, Removes poisonous substances from the blood

Which condition can result from inadequate water and fiber intake? Cirrhosis Hepatitis Constipation Diarrhea

Constipation

Match each type of inflammatory bowel disease with the best description. Crohn's disease: __________ Ulcerative colitis: __________ Ulcers can occur throughout the digestive tract. Ulcers occur in the large intestine and rectum.

Crohn's disease: Ulcers can occur throughout the digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis: Ulcers occur in the large intestine and rectum.

The vitamin that is necessary for calcium absorption is vitamin _____

D

Which symptom of disease usually arises when an infection or nervous stimulation irritates the bowel wall, resulting in increase peristalsis? Constipation Diarrhea Hemorrhoids Diverticulosis

Diarrhea

Which symptom of disease usually arises when an infection or nervous stimulation irritates the bowel wall, resulting in increase peristalsis? Hemorrhoids Diarrhea Diverticulosis Constipation

Diarrhea

Which condition specifically involves the formation of abnormal pouches in the wall of the GI tract, where portions of the mucosal layer have pushed through the other layers? Irritable bowel syndrome Diverticulosis Inflammatory bowel disease Gastric ulcers

Diverticulosis

Where does bile enter the digestive tract? Stomach Large intestine Jejunum Duodenum

Duodenum

Heartburn is caused by the irritation of what part of the digestive tract? Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Esophagus Pharynx

Esophagus

Which one of the following causes jaundice? Infection of the appendix Imbalance of sodium High blood pressure Excess bile pigments in blood

Excess bile pigments in blood

True or false: Essential amino acids are those that can be produced by the body.

False Reason: Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be present in the diet.

True or false: It is recommended to consume as much protein as possible in your diet.

False Reason: High-protein diets are associated with some health risks

True or false: Food moves down the esophagus under the influence of gravity alone.

False Reason: Muscular contractions of the esophagus help move the food down to the stomach.

True or false: Chyme moves out of the stomach all at once after several hours of mixing.

False Reason: Only small amounts of chyme are released into small intestine and this is controlled by a sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine.

True or false: Good dietary sources of complex carbohydrates include beans, peas, nuts, and red meat.

False Reason: Red meat is not a good course of complex carbohydrates.

True or false: Chemical digestion occurs when our teeth chew food into pieces convenient for swallowing.

False, this is a description of mechanical digestion

True or false: The tongue does not have a role in the digestive process.

False: The tongue moves the food around and mixes it with the digestive enzymes in the saliva.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released due to the presence of which partially digested substances in the duodenum? Fat Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic acid

Fat, Proteins

Which type of food has a high glycemic index? Foods that are low in fiber All foods that are rich in carbohydrates Foods that quickly increases blood glucose Foods with very little fat

Foods that quickly increases blood glucose

What food group is a good source of antioxidants? Meats Grains Fruits and vegetables Essential oils

Fruits and vegetables

Which of the following is a simple sugar? Glycogen Glucose Glycerol Cellulose Starch

Glucose

Which types of nutrients enter the small intestinal villi and then diffuse into the blood capillaries without being absorbed into lacteals? Multiple select question. Glucose Glycerol Fatty acids Amino acids

Glucose, Amino Acids

Select all of the following disorders that are specific to the colon and/or rectum. Acid-reflux disease Heart burn Gastritis Hemorrhoids Crohn's disease Constipation

Hemorrhoids, Constipation

Select all of the following disorders that are specific to the colon and/or rectum. Acid-reflux disease Crohn's disease Gastritis Hemorrhoids Heart burn Constipation

Hemorrhoids, Constipation NOT Crohn's Disease Reason: Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract.

Vaccine(s) are available for which type(s) of hepatitis virus? Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis A

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A

Spastic colon is another term for ______

IBS (irritable bowl syndrome)

How do fat and water-soluble vitamins differ? In how they are stored within cells In how the compound gets absorbed in the body In their coenzyme relationships In their interaction with body tissues In how they are transported by the body

In how they are stored within cells, In how the compound gets absorbed in the body, In their interaction with body tissues, In how they are transported by the body

Select all of the statements that describe the stomach. It lies on the right side of the abdomen, beneath the liver. It is continuous with the esophagus above and large intestine below. It has a thick wall. Gastric pits provide a large surface area for absorption. When the stomach is empty, deep folds or rugae are visible.

It has a thick wall, When the stomach is empty, deep folds or rugae are visible. NOT It lies on the right side of the abdomen, beneath the liver. Reason: The stomach lies on the left side of the abdomen, under the diaphragm. NOT It is continuous with the esophagus above and large intestine below. Reason: The stomach is continuous with the esophagus above and small intestine below. NOT Gastric pits provide a large surface area for absorption. Reason: Gastric pits lead into gastric glands. Little absorption occurs in the stomach.

The stomach is shaped most like the letter ______. Y S J W

J

A mineral is considered to be a trace mineral if a normal person requires how much in their diet per day? Less than 1 mg Greater than 1 microgram Greater than 100 mg Less than 100 mg

Less than 100 mg

Select all essential fatty acids from this list of nutrients. Linoleic acid Lysine Linolenic acid Fructose Cholesterol

Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid

Which of the following hydrolyzes fats to monoglycerides and fatty acids? Pepsin Lipase Bile Amylase

Lipase

Bile aids in the digestion of which molecule? Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Vitamins

Lipids

Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all what type of nutrient? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Lipids

Cholesterol transported by HDL is metabolized in what organ? Pancreas Liver Cecum Small intestine

Liver

When blood glucose becomes low, which organ releases glucose by breaking down glycogen? Gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Liver

Liver NOT Pancreas Reason: The pancreas releases insulin or glucagon to control blood glucose levels.

Select all correct characterizations of the gallbladder. Produces bile Located below the liver Stores bile Pear-shaped organ Produces hormones

Located below the liver, Stores bile, Pear-shaped organ

Which two factors are most strongly associated with the development of colon cancer? Regular elimination Low fiber consumption Improper hygiene Fat consumption

Low fiber consumption, Fat consumption

Select all the characteristics of the tongue. Made of skeletal muscle Forms a food bolus Has taste buds Has a peridontal membrane Covered by mucous membrane

Made of skeletal muscle Forms a food bolus Has taste buds Covered by mucous membrane

What is the role of fiber in the formation of feces? Is the source of necessary bacteria Coagulates solids into liquids Breaks down hemoglobin Makes up part of the solids

Makes up part of the solids

Select all of the digestive enzymes that are produced by the small intestine. Maltase Amylase Lactase Peptidases Lipase

Maltase, Lactase, Peptidases

Which of the following are "complete" proteins? Meat Poultry Beans Eggs Milk products

Meat, Poultry, Eggs, Milk products

Which type of digestion occurs when the teeth chew food into small pieces? Synthetic Enzymatic Mechanical Chemical

Mechanical

Select the primary organs of mechanical digestion. Mouth Small intestine Large intestine Liver Stomach

Mouth, Stomach

Select all components of the digestive process in humans. Movement Assimilation Absorption Ingestion Fermentation Elimination

Movement, Absorption, Ingestion, Elimination

Which layer of the stomach wall is modified into deep folds called rugae? Serosa Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis

Mucosa

Which of the following are components of gastric juices? Lipase Mucus Hydrochloric acid Pepsin

Mucus, Hydrochloric acid, Pepsin

Select the two major causes of diarrhea. Hormonal stimulation Nervous stimulation Consuming a diet low in whole-grain foods Infections of the upper intestinal tract Infections of the lower intestinal tract

Nervous stimulation, Infections of the lower intestinal tract

Which types of food are good sources of dietary protein for vegetarians? Nuts Tofu Apples Beans High-fructose corn syrup

Nuts, Tofu, Beans

Select all types of lipids. Oils Cholesterol Fats Monosaccharides Nucleic acids

Oils, Cholesterol, Fats

Select all common treatments for constipation. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia Lubricants like mineral oil Drugs that reduce peristalsis Increase dietary fiber Reduce water consumption

Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia, Lubricants like mineral oil, Increase dietary fiber

Diets with sufficient amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber contribute to health by ______. Healthy weight Underweight Overweight Obese

Overweight

Trans fats would be found in which of these foods? Packaged cookies French fries Egg yolks Red meat Canola oil

Packaged cookies, French fries

Trans fats would be found in which of these foods? Red meat Packaged cookies Egg yolks Canola oil French fries

Packaged cookies, French fries

Select all of the accessory organs of the human digestive system. Pancreas Stomach Liver Small intestine Gallbladder

Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder

Which enzyme begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the small intestine? Lipase Pancreatic amylase Trypsin Salivary amylase

Pancreatic amylase

Select all of the roles of bacteria in the formation of feces. Absorption of nutrients Give feces its brown color Part of the solid wastes Create odors and gases

Part of the solid wastes, Create odors and gases NOT Give feces its brown color Reason: Stercobilin and oxidized iron cause the brown color of feces.

Esophagus: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach

Passageway that transports food into stomach

Pharynx: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach

Passageway where food is swallowed

Which of the following digests proteins in the stomach? Amylase Pepsin Bile Lactase

Pepsin

Which of the following increase the chances for hemorrhoid development? Pregnancy Chronic constipation Aging Bacterial infection Consumption of dietary fiber

Pregnancy, Chronic constipation, Aging

Large intestine: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile

Liver: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile

Pancreas: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Which of the following are functions of the pancreas? Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid Produces enzymes to break down all types of food Aids in absorption of digested particles Produces bile salts which neutralize stomach acid

Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid, Produces enzymes to break down all types of food

Select all of the functions of the bacteria that normally inhabit the large intestine. Production of B-complex vitamins Breakdown of indigestible material Production of vitamin K Production of vitamin C Production of plasma proteins

Production of B-complex vitamins, Breakdown of indigestible material, Production of vitamin K

What structure regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach? Epiglottis Cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter Gastroesophageal sphincter

Pyloric sphincter

Rectum: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach

Regulates elimination of feces

Which one of these is/are found in the stomach? Rugae Villi Lacteals Duodenum

Rugae

Stomach: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach

Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein

Small intestine: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones

Select the correct statements about the pancreas. Multiple select question. Secretes enzymatic juices that aid in digestion Produces and stores bile Located in back of abdomen behind the stomach Secretes epinephrine

Secretes enzymatic juices that aid in digestion, Located in back of abdomen behind the stomach

Which of the following is produced by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid? Trypsin Bile salts Sodium bicarbonate Pancreatic amylase

Sodium bicarbonate

What are trans fatty acids? Solid fats formed from unsaturated fatty acids The fats found in oils LDLs and HDLs Fats that have transformed into an unnatural form

Solid fats formed from unsaturated fatty acids

Which of the following are functions of the stomach? Storage of food Digestion of proteins Absorption of protein and carbohydrates Control movement of food into small intestine

Storage of food, Digestion of proteins, Control movement of food into small intestine

Which organ is responsible for the storage of bile? Gallbladder Small intestine Liver Pancreas

Stored in Gallbladder, Produced in Liver

Gallbladder: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin

Stores bile from liver

Select all of the following that are functions of the liver. Stores iron and certain vitamins Produces bile Regulates blood glucose by producing or breaking down glycogen Converts amino groups from excess amino acids to urea Produces and secretes digestive enzymes

Stores iron and certain vitamins, Produces bile, Regulates blood glucose by producing or breaking down glycogen, Converts amino groups from excess amino acids to urea

Select all correct descriptions of osteoporosis. Taking calcium supplements can help to prevent it. Osteoblasts are more active than normal in people with this disease. It affects approximately one-fourth of older women in the United States. It is more common in large-framed, African-American women. It affects more women than men.

Taking calcium supplements can help to prevent it, It affects more women than men.

Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet? Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body. The carbohydrate cellulose (fiber) is essential for good health.

The carbohydrate cellulose (fiber) is essential for good health.

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the epiglottis and glottis during swallowing? The epiglottis covers the glottis. The glottis covers the epiglottis.

The epiglottis covers the glottis.

True or false: A well-planned vegetarian diet can fulfill the dietary protein requirements of most individuals.

True

True or false: Both mechanical and limited chemical digestion occurs in the mouth.

True

True or false: The cecum is part of the large intestine.

True

True or false: Alcohol can be absorbed by the stomach.

True Reason: Because alcohol is fat soluble, it can easily cross cell membranes.

What is an enzyme produced by the pancreas for the digestion of proteins? Pepsin Lipase Trypsin Bile

Trypsin

Which of the following acts in the small intestine to breakdown protein? Trypsin Amylase Pepsin Bile

Trypsin

Select all of the enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins. Trypsin Peptidase Maltase Lipase Pepsin

Trypsin, Peptidase, Pepsin

What disease, usually diagnosed during childhood, occurs when the pancreas produces an insufficient amount of insulin, despite the body's cells being able to process insulin normally? Type 2 diabetes Type 1 diabetes Cushing disease Addison disease

Type 1 diabetes NOT Type 2 diabetes Reason: Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed in adulthood, and though it is associated with insufficient insulin in many cases, it can also be associated with the body's cells being resistant to insulin. Insulin resistance isn't associated with type 1 diabetes.

Match each type of diabetes with the correct description Type 1 diabetes _______ Type 2 diabetes _______ Usually occurs in children due to an insulin shortage Usually occurs in adults; obesity is a risk factor

Type 1 diabetes, Usually occurs in children due to an insulin shortage Type 2 diabetes, Usually occurs in adults; obesity is a risk factor

In which of these locations are salivary glands found? Under the tongue Roof of the oral cavity Nasopharynx Beneath the floor of the oral cavity Side of the face below and in front of the ears

Under the tongue, Beneath the floor of the oral cavity, Side of the face below and in front of the ears

Select all of the following vitamins that are fat soluble. Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin K Niacin

Vitamin A, Vitamin K (ADEK)

Select the vitamins that are classified as antioxidants? Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin A

Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A (CEA)

Body mass index (BMI) is calculated from what factors? Muscle density and weight Age, weight and height Weight and height Fat density and age

Weight and height

Which are saturated fats: Whole Milk Soybeans Red Meat Butter

Whole milk, Red Meat, Butter

Are there any normally consumed meats that can lead to too much saturated fat in a diet? Yes, red meats No, meat is a healthy source of protein Yes, poultry Yes, fish

Yes, red meats

Peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the lining of the ______. lungs blood vessels abdominal cavity heart

abdominal cavity

The major function of the large intestine is to ______ synthesize hormones absorb fats absorb water digest carbohydrates

absorb water

NaHCO3 neutralizes _____

acid

Proteins are made of "building blocks" called ______. monosaccharides amino acids triglycerides nucleotides

amino acids

The enzyme that functions in the small intestine to digest carbohydrates is pancreatic _____

amylase

The structure indicated by the arrow in the illustration is the vermiform ______

appendix

Most of the vitamin K used in the body is produced by ______ in the large intestine

bacteria

In the condition called diverticulosis, abnormal pouches form in the wall of the GI tract, whereas in diverticulitis these pouches ______ heal over form bleeding ulcers perforate through the intestinal wall become infected or inflamed

become infected or inflamed

In the condition called diverticulosis, abnormal pouches form in the wall of the GI tract, whereas in diverticulitis these pouches ______. form bleeding ulcers become infected or inflamed perforate through the intestinal wall heal over

become infected or inflamed

The syndrome that can result in urgent needs to defecate is called irritable _______ syndrome

bowel

The term "digestion" refers specifically to _______ breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically chewing food taking food into the mouth muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract

breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting? calcium iron magnesium sodium sulfur

calcium

In the digestive tract, the lumen is defined as the ______ central space outermost layer muscular wall contents that have been ingested

central space

The type of digestion performed by digestive enzymes is ______ digestion

chemical

After their absorption form the gut lumen, monoglycerides and fatty acids are rejoined in the villi epithelia cells, forming lipid droplets called ______ high density lipoproteins chylomicrons triglycerides low density lipoproteins

chylomicrons

The thick liquid food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called ______

chyme

Eggs, meat, and poultry are considered Blank______ proteins. incomplete complete

complete

Insoluble fiber in the diet helps to prevent ______. constipation AIDS acid reflux cirrhosis

constipation

When feces are not expelled regularly, additional water is absorbed from them. This may cause difficulty in expelling feces, a condition called ______

constipation

The function of pepsin is to digest _____ starch digest proteins digest lipids emulsify fats

digest proteins

The first 25 cm of the small intestine is called the ______

duodenum

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes directly into the _____ jejunum ileum cecum duodenum

duodenum, the start of the small intestine

The function of bile is to ______. digest fat emulsify proteins emulsify fat digest carbohydrates

emulsify fat

During chemical digestion, molecules called digestive _______ hydrolyze food macromolecules.

enzymes

The structure that prevents swallowed food from entering the lungs is the ______. glottis tongue epiglottis pharynx

epiglottis

During swallowing, a bolus of food is moved from the pharynx to the ______. esophagus nasopharynx glottis nasal cavity

esophagus

The component of the food passageway that leads away from the pharynx is the ______. glottis esophagus epiglottis trachea

esophagus

The pharynx opens into both the trachea and ______

esophagus

Amino acids that cannot be produced by the body are called ______ amino acids

essential

Fatty acids that the human body requires but cannot synthesize, which therefore must be obtained via the diet, are called ______ fatty acids

essential

Bile emulsifies _____

fat

Lipase digests _____

fat

Hardening of the liquid stored in the gallbladder can form pieces of stonelike material called ______

gallstones

Gastric juice is produced by gastric ______ in the stomach.

glands

Complex carbohydrates are digested to ______. fatty acids amino acids nucleic acids glucose

glucose

Foods that quickly increase the blood glucose are said to have a high ______ index

glycemic

The small intestine is so named because it ______ has a smaller diameter than the large intestine is the smallest part of the digestive tract has a shorter length than the large intestine is smaller overall than the large intestine

has a smaller diameter than the large intestine

When some of the stomach contents escape back into the esophagus, the result is often experienced as _____ jaundice periodontitis diverticulitis heartburn

heartburn

Chronic constipation can lead to enlarged and inflamed blood vessels of the anus known as ______

hemorrhoids

The medical term for inflammation of the liver is _____

hepatitis

In addition to secreting digestive enzymes, the pancreas is an endocrine organ, because it secretes ______ such as insulin

hormones

The ultimate purpose of digestion is to ______ prevent asphyxiation please the senses hydrolyze food hydrate the body

hydrolyze food

Organic macromolecules are too big to cross the plasma membrane of cells. Therefore, they need to be _______ oxidized ionized hydrolyzed synthesized

hydrolyzed

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of IBD, or _______ bowel disease

inflammatory

The term for taking food into the mouth is ______ ingestion mastication digestion peristalsis

ingestion NOT : mastication Reason: Mastication specifically means chewing. digestion Reason: Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically. peristalsis Reason: Peristalsis refers to the muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

The processes of digestion include ______, which is the intake of food, digestion, movement, absorption, and ______, which is the removal of wastes.

ingestion; elimination

When blood glucose levels are too high, the pancreas produces the hormone ______. cortisone insulin oxytocin glucagon

insulin

People with liver disease often develop a yellowish discoloration of the eyes and skin called _____

jaundice

In the small intestine, each villus contains blood capillaries and a small lymphatic capillary called a ______

lacteal

The main sugar present in milk is ______ fructose lactose glucose sucrose

lactose

The appendix is part of the _____ intestine

large

The cecum is part of the ______ intestine

large

The cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal make up the _______ ________

large intestine

The enzyme produced by the pancreas for the breakdown of lipids is pancreatic _____

lipase

Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the ______

liver

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the _____

liver

The largest gland in the human body is the stomach. liver. gallbladder. pancreas.

liver

Which accessory organ of the digestive system processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification? liver gallbladder pancreas stomach small intestine

liver

A colonoscopy is a medical diagnostic procedure used to examine the common bile duct. upper respiratory tract. lower gastrointestinal tract. female reproductive tract.

lower gastrointestinal tract

The open area or central space in the GI tract is called the _____

lumen

If a normal person requires more than 100 mg of a mineral per day, this is a ______ mineral

major

Which of the following is associated with the small intestine? many villi gastric pits lactic enzymes few villi

many villi

Pounds divided by height squared multiplied by 703 produces the body _____ index

mass

The two main types of digestion include ______ digestion and chemical digestion.

mechanical

The structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine are the villi, the plicae circularis, and the ______

microvilli

Mechanical digestion begins in the _____ stomach small intestine mouth large intestine

mouth

What is the correct order of the components of the digestive tract? mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, anus

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

In the small and large intestine, peristalsis most directly results in ______ absorption of water movement of digestive tract contents absorption of subunit molecules chemical digestion

movement of digestive tract contents

A required component of food that performs a physiological function in the body is called a ______

nutrient

Components of food that provide energy and promote growth and development are called ______. nutrients enzymes bile hormones

nutrients

According to current health standards, _______ is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.

obesity

Which of the following is considered to be an accessory organ of the digestive system? lungs pituitary glands small intestine pancreas thalamus

pancreas

The three main (abdominal) accessory organs of the human digestive system are the gallbladder, _______, and _______

pancreas, liver

Contents of the digestive system are moved along by rhythmic contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle. This process is called ______

peristalsis

Rhythmic muscular contraction that moves food down the esophagus is called _______

peristalsis

Appendicitis is a medical emergency, because a rupture of the appendix can lead to ______. pericarditis pleuritis peritonitis periodontitis

peritonitis

The esophagus and trachea both connect to the ______ stomach epiglottis pharynx nasal cavity

pharynx

The esophagus and trachea both connect to the ______. stomach nasal cavity epiglottis pharynx

pharynx

The mouth and nasal passages lead to a hollow space behind the mouth called the ______

pharynx

Colon cancer can be treated if small growths called _______ are detected early and are surgically removed.

polyps

Trypsin digests _____

protein

Amino acids are the breakdown product of dietary ______. proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids

proteins

The last 20 centimeters of the large intestine is the ______

rectum

The major disease process seen in cirrhosis is ______. inflammation of the liver buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue obstruction of the common bile duct

replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue

Secreted into the mouth by glands, ______ is a solution containing mucus, water and salivary amylase, bicarbonate, and lysozyme

saliva

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth? salivary lipase salivary protease salivary sucrase salivary amylase salivary lactase

salivary amylase

Animal derived products like red meat, cheese, and whole milk contain _________ fats that are associated with cardiovascular disease

saturated

Digestive hormones produced by the wall of the duodenum that control secretions include cholecystokinin and ______

secretin

The pH of the contents of the small intestine is normally Blank______. neutral slightly basic slightly acidic very acidic

slightly basic

The pH of the small intestinal contents is normally slightly basic, because pancreatic juice contains ______. trypsin hydrochloric acid sodium bicarbonate bile

sodium bicarbonate

Which of the following is produced by the pancreas? bile sodium bicarbonate starch lysine galactose

sodium bicarbonate

The posterior portion of the roof of the mouth that is composed entirely of muscle is the _______ palate

soft

Amylase digests ____

starch

Chyme is formed in the _____

stomach

The primary function of the stomach is to break down fats. store food, churn, and begin digestion. absorb major nutrients. package feces. eliminate water and tissue fluid.

store food, churn, and begin digestion.

The term "ingestion" refers specifically to ______ taking food into the mouth chewing food muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically

taking food into the mouth

HDLs transport cholesterol to ______. the heart all tissues the spleen the liver

the liver

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? to ingest food to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes to absorb nutrient molecules to eliminate indigestible remains to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues

to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues

What is the major function of the colon? to digest/absorb to form feces to churn food to serve as a passageway only to eliminate iron

to form feces

Commercially packaged cookies, crackers, and snacks can be sources of the unhealthy ______ fats

trans

When unsaturated fats are hydrogenated to produce a solid fat, they form ______ fats

trans