Bio 2 Unit 6
What portion of the child population in the US is obese? 15-20% 20-30% 30-40% 5-10%
15-20%
If a man is 6' 2" tall and weighs 250 pounds, his BMI would be approximately _____. 15 30 20 25
30
At what value is obesity defined in terms of a body mass index (BMI)? 30 or greater 15 or greater 10 or greater 20 or greater
30 or greater
The small intestine of an adult human is about how long? 1.5 meters (4.5 feet) 3 meters (9 feet) 6 meters (18 feet) 9 meters (27 feet)
6 meters (18 feet)
What leads to rickets in children? A calcium shortage Obesity Improper conditioning A vitamin D shortage
A vitamin D shortage
Select all functions of the large intestine. Absorb water Absorb some vitamins Produce digestive enzymes Produce bile Forms feces
Absorb water, Absorb some vitamins, Forms feces Cecum and colon absorb water and vitamins, rectum forms feces, anal canal defecation
Select all of the enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. Trypsin Amylase Pepsin Lipase Lactase
Amylase, Lactase
Select all of the digestive enzymes that are produced by the pancreas. Amylase Nuclease Lactase Pepsin Lipase
Amylase, Nuclease, Lipase
Select all of the following foods that are good sources of complex carbohydrates. Beans Meat Honey Fruits Nuts
Beans, Fruits, Nuts
Gallstones result from a hardening of what bodily fluid? Urine Semen Lymph Bile
Bile
Select all common symptoms or signs of lactose intolerance. Bloating Excessive gas Excessive urination Abdominal cramps Constipation
Bloating, Excessive gas, Abdominal cramps
A shortage of what specific nutrient can lead to osteoporosis? Calcium Sodium Vitamin A Iron
Calcium
The appendix is a small projection from what part of the large intestine? Cecum Rectum Anal canal Colon
Cecum
Select all of the parts of the large intestine. Cecum Rectum Jejunum Colon Ileum
Cecum, Rectum, Colon
Mouth: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach
Chews and tastes food
In which diagnostic procedure is a camera inserted into the GI tract, usually via the anus? Colonoscopy Sphygmomanometry Magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalogram
Colonoscopy
Select all correct descriptions of the liver. Located in the lower right section of the thoracic cavity Composed of a large number of functional units called lobules Largest gland in body Receives blood from the GI tract Removes poisonous substances from the blood
Composed of a large number of functional units called lobules, Largest gland in body, Receives blood from the GI tract, Removes poisonous substances from the blood
Which condition can result from inadequate water and fiber intake? Cirrhosis Hepatitis Constipation Diarrhea
Constipation
Match each type of inflammatory bowel disease with the best description. Crohn's disease: __________ Ulcerative colitis: __________ Ulcers can occur throughout the digestive tract. Ulcers occur in the large intestine and rectum.
Crohn's disease: Ulcers can occur throughout the digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis: Ulcers occur in the large intestine and rectum.
The vitamin that is necessary for calcium absorption is vitamin _____
D
Which symptom of disease usually arises when an infection or nervous stimulation irritates the bowel wall, resulting in increase peristalsis? Constipation Diarrhea Hemorrhoids Diverticulosis
Diarrhea
Which symptom of disease usually arises when an infection or nervous stimulation irritates the bowel wall, resulting in increase peristalsis? Hemorrhoids Diarrhea Diverticulosis Constipation
Diarrhea
Which condition specifically involves the formation of abnormal pouches in the wall of the GI tract, where portions of the mucosal layer have pushed through the other layers? Irritable bowel syndrome Diverticulosis Inflammatory bowel disease Gastric ulcers
Diverticulosis
Where does bile enter the digestive tract? Stomach Large intestine Jejunum Duodenum
Duodenum
Heartburn is caused by the irritation of what part of the digestive tract? Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Esophagus Pharynx
Esophagus
Which one of the following causes jaundice? Infection of the appendix Imbalance of sodium High blood pressure Excess bile pigments in blood
Excess bile pigments in blood
True or false: Essential amino acids are those that can be produced by the body.
False Reason: Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be present in the diet.
True or false: It is recommended to consume as much protein as possible in your diet.
False Reason: High-protein diets are associated with some health risks
True or false: Food moves down the esophagus under the influence of gravity alone.
False Reason: Muscular contractions of the esophagus help move the food down to the stomach.
True or false: Chyme moves out of the stomach all at once after several hours of mixing.
False Reason: Only small amounts of chyme are released into small intestine and this is controlled by a sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine.
True or false: Good dietary sources of complex carbohydrates include beans, peas, nuts, and red meat.
False Reason: Red meat is not a good course of complex carbohydrates.
True or false: Chemical digestion occurs when our teeth chew food into pieces convenient for swallowing.
False, this is a description of mechanical digestion
True or false: The tongue does not have a role in the digestive process.
False: The tongue moves the food around and mixes it with the digestive enzymes in the saliva.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released due to the presence of which partially digested substances in the duodenum? Fat Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic acid
Fat, Proteins
Which type of food has a high glycemic index? Foods that are low in fiber All foods that are rich in carbohydrates Foods that quickly increases blood glucose Foods with very little fat
Foods that quickly increases blood glucose
What food group is a good source of antioxidants? Meats Grains Fruits and vegetables Essential oils
Fruits and vegetables
Which of the following is a simple sugar? Glycogen Glucose Glycerol Cellulose Starch
Glucose
Which types of nutrients enter the small intestinal villi and then diffuse into the blood capillaries without being absorbed into lacteals? Multiple select question. Glucose Glycerol Fatty acids Amino acids
Glucose, Amino Acids
Select all of the following disorders that are specific to the colon and/or rectum. Acid-reflux disease Heart burn Gastritis Hemorrhoids Crohn's disease Constipation
Hemorrhoids, Constipation
Select all of the following disorders that are specific to the colon and/or rectum. Acid-reflux disease Crohn's disease Gastritis Hemorrhoids Heart burn Constipation
Hemorrhoids, Constipation NOT Crohn's Disease Reason: Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract.
Vaccine(s) are available for which type(s) of hepatitis virus? Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A
Spastic colon is another term for ______
IBS (irritable bowl syndrome)
How do fat and water-soluble vitamins differ? In how they are stored within cells In how the compound gets absorbed in the body In their coenzyme relationships In their interaction with body tissues In how they are transported by the body
In how they are stored within cells, In how the compound gets absorbed in the body, In their interaction with body tissues, In how they are transported by the body
Select all of the statements that describe the stomach. It lies on the right side of the abdomen, beneath the liver. It is continuous with the esophagus above and large intestine below. It has a thick wall. Gastric pits provide a large surface area for absorption. When the stomach is empty, deep folds or rugae are visible.
It has a thick wall, When the stomach is empty, deep folds or rugae are visible. NOT It lies on the right side of the abdomen, beneath the liver. Reason: The stomach lies on the left side of the abdomen, under the diaphragm. NOT It is continuous with the esophagus above and large intestine below. Reason: The stomach is continuous with the esophagus above and small intestine below. NOT Gastric pits provide a large surface area for absorption. Reason: Gastric pits lead into gastric glands. Little absorption occurs in the stomach.
The stomach is shaped most like the letter ______. Y S J W
J
A mineral is considered to be a trace mineral if a normal person requires how much in their diet per day? Less than 1 mg Greater than 1 microgram Greater than 100 mg Less than 100 mg
Less than 100 mg
Select all essential fatty acids from this list of nutrients. Linoleic acid Lysine Linolenic acid Fructose Cholesterol
Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid
Which of the following hydrolyzes fats to monoglycerides and fatty acids? Pepsin Lipase Bile Amylase
Lipase
Bile aids in the digestion of which molecule? Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Vitamins
Lipids
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all what type of nutrient? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Lipids
Cholesterol transported by HDL is metabolized in what organ? Pancreas Liver Cecum Small intestine
Liver
When blood glucose becomes low, which organ releases glucose by breaking down glycogen? Gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Liver
Liver NOT Pancreas Reason: The pancreas releases insulin or glucagon to control blood glucose levels.
Select all correct characterizations of the gallbladder. Produces bile Located below the liver Stores bile Pear-shaped organ Produces hormones
Located below the liver, Stores bile, Pear-shaped organ
Which two factors are most strongly associated with the development of colon cancer? Regular elimination Low fiber consumption Improper hygiene Fat consumption
Low fiber consumption, Fat consumption
Select all the characteristics of the tongue. Made of skeletal muscle Forms a food bolus Has taste buds Has a peridontal membrane Covered by mucous membrane
Made of skeletal muscle Forms a food bolus Has taste buds Covered by mucous membrane
What is the role of fiber in the formation of feces? Is the source of necessary bacteria Coagulates solids into liquids Breaks down hemoglobin Makes up part of the solids
Makes up part of the solids
Select all of the digestive enzymes that are produced by the small intestine. Maltase Amylase Lactase Peptidases Lipase
Maltase, Lactase, Peptidases
Which of the following are "complete" proteins? Meat Poultry Beans Eggs Milk products
Meat, Poultry, Eggs, Milk products
Which type of digestion occurs when the teeth chew food into small pieces? Synthetic Enzymatic Mechanical Chemical
Mechanical
Select the primary organs of mechanical digestion. Mouth Small intestine Large intestine Liver Stomach
Mouth, Stomach
Select all components of the digestive process in humans. Movement Assimilation Absorption Ingestion Fermentation Elimination
Movement, Absorption, Ingestion, Elimination
Which layer of the stomach wall is modified into deep folds called rugae? Serosa Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis
Mucosa
Which of the following are components of gastric juices? Lipase Mucus Hydrochloric acid Pepsin
Mucus, Hydrochloric acid, Pepsin
Select the two major causes of diarrhea. Hormonal stimulation Nervous stimulation Consuming a diet low in whole-grain foods Infections of the upper intestinal tract Infections of the lower intestinal tract
Nervous stimulation, Infections of the lower intestinal tract
Which types of food are good sources of dietary protein for vegetarians? Nuts Tofu Apples Beans High-fructose corn syrup
Nuts, Tofu, Beans
Select all types of lipids. Oils Cholesterol Fats Monosaccharides Nucleic acids
Oils, Cholesterol, Fats
Select all common treatments for constipation. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia Lubricants like mineral oil Drugs that reduce peristalsis Increase dietary fiber Reduce water consumption
Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia, Lubricants like mineral oil, Increase dietary fiber
Diets with sufficient amounts of soluble and insoluble fiber contribute to health by ______. Healthy weight Underweight Overweight Obese
Overweight
Trans fats would be found in which of these foods? Packaged cookies French fries Egg yolks Red meat Canola oil
Packaged cookies, French fries
Trans fats would be found in which of these foods? Red meat Packaged cookies Egg yolks Canola oil French fries
Packaged cookies, French fries
Select all of the accessory organs of the human digestive system. Pancreas Stomach Liver Small intestine Gallbladder
Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder
Which enzyme begins the breakdown of carbohydrates in the small intestine? Lipase Pancreatic amylase Trypsin Salivary amylase
Pancreatic amylase
Select all of the roles of bacteria in the formation of feces. Absorption of nutrients Give feces its brown color Part of the solid wastes Create odors and gases
Part of the solid wastes, Create odors and gases NOT Give feces its brown color Reason: Stercobilin and oxidized iron cause the brown color of feces.
Esophagus: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach
Passageway that transports food into stomach
Pharynx: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach
Passageway where food is swallowed
Which of the following digests proteins in the stomach? Amylase Pepsin Bile Lactase
Pepsin
Which of the following increase the chances for hemorrhoid development? Pregnancy Chronic constipation Aging Bacterial infection Consumption of dietary fiber
Pregnancy, Chronic constipation, Aging
Large intestine: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile
Liver: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile
Pancreas: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Which of the following are functions of the pancreas? Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid Produces enzymes to break down all types of food Aids in absorption of digested particles Produces bile salts which neutralize stomach acid
Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the stomach acid, Produces enzymes to break down all types of food
Select all of the functions of the bacteria that normally inhabit the large intestine. Production of B-complex vitamins Breakdown of indigestible material Production of vitamin K Production of vitamin C Production of plasma proteins
Production of B-complex vitamins, Breakdown of indigestible material, Production of vitamin K
What structure regulates the flow of chyme out of the stomach? Epiglottis Cardiac sphincter Pyloric sphincter Gastroesophageal sphincter
Pyloric sphincter
Rectum: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach
Regulates elimination of feces
Which one of these is/are found in the stomach? Rugae Villi Lacteals Duodenum
Rugae
Stomach: Passageway where food is swallowed Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein Chews and tastes food Regulates elimination of feces Passageway that transports food into stomach
Secretes acid and digestive enzymes for protein
Small intestine: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones
Select the correct statements about the pancreas. Multiple select question. Secretes enzymatic juices that aid in digestion Produces and stores bile Located in back of abdomen behind the stomach Secretes epinephrine
Secretes enzymatic juices that aid in digestion, Located in back of abdomen behind the stomach
Which of the following is produced by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid? Trypsin Bile salts Sodium bicarbonate Pancreatic amylase
Sodium bicarbonate
What are trans fatty acids? Solid fats formed from unsaturated fatty acids The fats found in oils LDLs and HDLs Fats that have transformed into an unnatural form
Solid fats formed from unsaturated fatty acids
Which of the following are functions of the stomach? Storage of food Digestion of proteins Absorption of protein and carbohydrates Control movement of food into small intestine
Storage of food, Digestion of proteins, Control movement of food into small intestine
Which organ is responsible for the storage of bile? Gallbladder Small intestine Liver Pancreas
Stored in Gallbladder, Produced in Liver
Gallbladder: Processes and stores nutrients; produces bile Absorbs water and salt Stores bile from liver Secretes digestive enzymes, absorbs nutrients, secretes hormones Produces digestive enzymes and insulin
Stores bile from liver
Select all of the following that are functions of the liver. Stores iron and certain vitamins Produces bile Regulates blood glucose by producing or breaking down glycogen Converts amino groups from excess amino acids to urea Produces and secretes digestive enzymes
Stores iron and certain vitamins, Produces bile, Regulates blood glucose by producing or breaking down glycogen, Converts amino groups from excess amino acids to urea
Select all correct descriptions of osteoporosis. Taking calcium supplements can help to prevent it. Osteoblasts are more active than normal in people with this disease. It affects approximately one-fourth of older women in the United States. It is more common in large-framed, African-American women. It affects more women than men.
Taking calcium supplements can help to prevent it, It affects more women than men.
Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet? Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body. The carbohydrate cellulose (fiber) is essential for good health.
The carbohydrate cellulose (fiber) is essential for good health.
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between the epiglottis and glottis during swallowing? The epiglottis covers the glottis. The glottis covers the epiglottis.
The epiglottis covers the glottis.
True or false: A well-planned vegetarian diet can fulfill the dietary protein requirements of most individuals.
True
True or false: Both mechanical and limited chemical digestion occurs in the mouth.
True
True or false: The cecum is part of the large intestine.
True
True or false: Alcohol can be absorbed by the stomach.
True Reason: Because alcohol is fat soluble, it can easily cross cell membranes.
What is an enzyme produced by the pancreas for the digestion of proteins? Pepsin Lipase Trypsin Bile
Trypsin
Which of the following acts in the small intestine to breakdown protein? Trypsin Amylase Pepsin Bile
Trypsin
Select all of the enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins. Trypsin Peptidase Maltase Lipase Pepsin
Trypsin, Peptidase, Pepsin
What disease, usually diagnosed during childhood, occurs when the pancreas produces an insufficient amount of insulin, despite the body's cells being able to process insulin normally? Type 2 diabetes Type 1 diabetes Cushing disease Addison disease
Type 1 diabetes NOT Type 2 diabetes Reason: Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed in adulthood, and though it is associated with insufficient insulin in many cases, it can also be associated with the body's cells being resistant to insulin. Insulin resistance isn't associated with type 1 diabetes.
Match each type of diabetes with the correct description Type 1 diabetes _______ Type 2 diabetes _______ Usually occurs in children due to an insulin shortage Usually occurs in adults; obesity is a risk factor
Type 1 diabetes, Usually occurs in children due to an insulin shortage Type 2 diabetes, Usually occurs in adults; obesity is a risk factor
In which of these locations are salivary glands found? Under the tongue Roof of the oral cavity Nasopharynx Beneath the floor of the oral cavity Side of the face below and in front of the ears
Under the tongue, Beneath the floor of the oral cavity, Side of the face below and in front of the ears
Select all of the following vitamins that are fat soluble. Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin K Niacin
Vitamin A, Vitamin K (ADEK)
Select the vitamins that are classified as antioxidants? Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin A
Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin A (CEA)
Body mass index (BMI) is calculated from what factors? Muscle density and weight Age, weight and height Weight and height Fat density and age
Weight and height
Which are saturated fats: Whole Milk Soybeans Red Meat Butter
Whole milk, Red Meat, Butter
Are there any normally consumed meats that can lead to too much saturated fat in a diet? Yes, red meats No, meat is a healthy source of protein Yes, poultry Yes, fish
Yes, red meats
Peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening inflammation of the lining of the ______. lungs blood vessels abdominal cavity heart
abdominal cavity
The major function of the large intestine is to ______ synthesize hormones absorb fats absorb water digest carbohydrates
absorb water
NaHCO3 neutralizes _____
acid
Proteins are made of "building blocks" called ______. monosaccharides amino acids triglycerides nucleotides
amino acids
The enzyme that functions in the small intestine to digest carbohydrates is pancreatic _____
amylase
The structure indicated by the arrow in the illustration is the vermiform ______
appendix
Most of the vitamin K used in the body is produced by ______ in the large intestine
bacteria
In the condition called diverticulosis, abnormal pouches form in the wall of the GI tract, whereas in diverticulitis these pouches ______ heal over form bleeding ulcers perforate through the intestinal wall become infected or inflamed
become infected or inflamed
In the condition called diverticulosis, abnormal pouches form in the wall of the GI tract, whereas in diverticulitis these pouches ______. form bleeding ulcers become infected or inflamed perforate through the intestinal wall heal over
become infected or inflamed
The syndrome that can result in urgent needs to defecate is called irritable _______ syndrome
bowel
The term "digestion" refers specifically to _______ breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically chewing food taking food into the mouth muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract
breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically
Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting? calcium iron magnesium sodium sulfur
calcium
In the digestive tract, the lumen is defined as the ______ central space outermost layer muscular wall contents that have been ingested
central space
The type of digestion performed by digestive enzymes is ______ digestion
chemical
After their absorption form the gut lumen, monoglycerides and fatty acids are rejoined in the villi epithelia cells, forming lipid droplets called ______ high density lipoproteins chylomicrons triglycerides low density lipoproteins
chylomicrons
The thick liquid food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called ______
chyme
Eggs, meat, and poultry are considered Blank______ proteins. incomplete complete
complete
Insoluble fiber in the diet helps to prevent ______. constipation AIDS acid reflux cirrhosis
constipation
When feces are not expelled regularly, additional water is absorbed from them. This may cause difficulty in expelling feces, a condition called ______
constipation
The function of pepsin is to digest _____ starch digest proteins digest lipids emulsify fats
digest proteins
The first 25 cm of the small intestine is called the ______
duodenum
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes directly into the _____ jejunum ileum cecum duodenum
duodenum, the start of the small intestine
The function of bile is to ______. digest fat emulsify proteins emulsify fat digest carbohydrates
emulsify fat
During chemical digestion, molecules called digestive _______ hydrolyze food macromolecules.
enzymes
The structure that prevents swallowed food from entering the lungs is the ______. glottis tongue epiglottis pharynx
epiglottis
During swallowing, a bolus of food is moved from the pharynx to the ______. esophagus nasopharynx glottis nasal cavity
esophagus
The component of the food passageway that leads away from the pharynx is the ______. glottis esophagus epiglottis trachea
esophagus
The pharynx opens into both the trachea and ______
esophagus
Amino acids that cannot be produced by the body are called ______ amino acids
essential
Fatty acids that the human body requires but cannot synthesize, which therefore must be obtained via the diet, are called ______ fatty acids
essential
Bile emulsifies _____
fat
Lipase digests _____
fat
Hardening of the liquid stored in the gallbladder can form pieces of stonelike material called ______
gallstones
Gastric juice is produced by gastric ______ in the stomach.
glands
Complex carbohydrates are digested to ______. fatty acids amino acids nucleic acids glucose
glucose
Foods that quickly increase the blood glucose are said to have a high ______ index
glycemic
The small intestine is so named because it ______ has a smaller diameter than the large intestine is the smallest part of the digestive tract has a shorter length than the large intestine is smaller overall than the large intestine
has a smaller diameter than the large intestine
When some of the stomach contents escape back into the esophagus, the result is often experienced as _____ jaundice periodontitis diverticulitis heartburn
heartburn
Chronic constipation can lead to enlarged and inflamed blood vessels of the anus known as ______
hemorrhoids
The medical term for inflammation of the liver is _____
hepatitis
In addition to secreting digestive enzymes, the pancreas is an endocrine organ, because it secretes ______ such as insulin
hormones
The ultimate purpose of digestion is to ______ prevent asphyxiation please the senses hydrolyze food hydrate the body
hydrolyze food
Organic macromolecules are too big to cross the plasma membrane of cells. Therefore, they need to be _______ oxidized ionized hydrolyzed synthesized
hydrolyzed
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of IBD, or _______ bowel disease
inflammatory
The term for taking food into the mouth is ______ ingestion mastication digestion peristalsis
ingestion NOT : mastication Reason: Mastication specifically means chewing. digestion Reason: Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically. peristalsis Reason: Peristalsis refers to the muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
The processes of digestion include ______, which is the intake of food, digestion, movement, absorption, and ______, which is the removal of wastes.
ingestion; elimination
When blood glucose levels are too high, the pancreas produces the hormone ______. cortisone insulin oxytocin glucagon
insulin
People with liver disease often develop a yellowish discoloration of the eyes and skin called _____
jaundice
In the small intestine, each villus contains blood capillaries and a small lymphatic capillary called a ______
lacteal
The main sugar present in milk is ______ fructose lactose glucose sucrose
lactose
The appendix is part of the _____ intestine
large
The cecum is part of the ______ intestine
large
The cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal make up the _______ ________
large intestine
The enzyme produced by the pancreas for the breakdown of lipids is pancreatic _____
lipase
Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the ______
liver
Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the _____
liver
The largest gland in the human body is the stomach. liver. gallbladder. pancreas.
liver
Which accessory organ of the digestive system processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification? liver gallbladder pancreas stomach small intestine
liver
A colonoscopy is a medical diagnostic procedure used to examine the common bile duct. upper respiratory tract. lower gastrointestinal tract. female reproductive tract.
lower gastrointestinal tract
The open area or central space in the GI tract is called the _____
lumen
If a normal person requires more than 100 mg of a mineral per day, this is a ______ mineral
major
Which of the following is associated with the small intestine? many villi gastric pits lactic enzymes few villi
many villi
Pounds divided by height squared multiplied by 703 produces the body _____ index
mass
The two main types of digestion include ______ digestion and chemical digestion.
mechanical
The structures that increase the surface area of the small intestine are the villi, the plicae circularis, and the ______
microvilli
Mechanical digestion begins in the _____ stomach small intestine mouth large intestine
mouth
What is the correct order of the components of the digestive tract? mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, anus
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
In the small and large intestine, peristalsis most directly results in ______ absorption of water movement of digestive tract contents absorption of subunit molecules chemical digestion
movement of digestive tract contents
A required component of food that performs a physiological function in the body is called a ______
nutrient
Components of food that provide energy and promote growth and development are called ______. nutrients enzymes bile hormones
nutrients
According to current health standards, _______ is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
obesity
Which of the following is considered to be an accessory organ of the digestive system? lungs pituitary glands small intestine pancreas thalamus
pancreas
The three main (abdominal) accessory organs of the human digestive system are the gallbladder, _______, and _______
pancreas, liver
Contents of the digestive system are moved along by rhythmic contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle. This process is called ______
peristalsis
Rhythmic muscular contraction that moves food down the esophagus is called _______
peristalsis
Appendicitis is a medical emergency, because a rupture of the appendix can lead to ______. pericarditis pleuritis peritonitis periodontitis
peritonitis
The esophagus and trachea both connect to the ______ stomach epiglottis pharynx nasal cavity
pharynx
The esophagus and trachea both connect to the ______. stomach nasal cavity epiglottis pharynx
pharynx
The mouth and nasal passages lead to a hollow space behind the mouth called the ______
pharynx
Colon cancer can be treated if small growths called _______ are detected early and are surgically removed.
polyps
Trypsin digests _____
protein
Amino acids are the breakdown product of dietary ______. proteins lipids carbohydrates nucleic acids
proteins
The last 20 centimeters of the large intestine is the ______
rectum
The major disease process seen in cirrhosis is ______. inflammation of the liver buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue obstruction of the common bile duct
replacement of normal liver tissue with fibrous scar tissue
Secreted into the mouth by glands, ______ is a solution containing mucus, water and salivary amylase, bicarbonate, and lysozyme
saliva
What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth? salivary lipase salivary protease salivary sucrase salivary amylase salivary lactase
salivary amylase
Animal derived products like red meat, cheese, and whole milk contain _________ fats that are associated with cardiovascular disease
saturated
Digestive hormones produced by the wall of the duodenum that control secretions include cholecystokinin and ______
secretin
The pH of the contents of the small intestine is normally Blank______. neutral slightly basic slightly acidic very acidic
slightly basic
The pH of the small intestinal contents is normally slightly basic, because pancreatic juice contains ______. trypsin hydrochloric acid sodium bicarbonate bile
sodium bicarbonate
Which of the following is produced by the pancreas? bile sodium bicarbonate starch lysine galactose
sodium bicarbonate
The posterior portion of the roof of the mouth that is composed entirely of muscle is the _______ palate
soft
Amylase digests ____
starch
Chyme is formed in the _____
stomach
The primary function of the stomach is to break down fats. store food, churn, and begin digestion. absorb major nutrients. package feces. eliminate water and tissue fluid.
store food, churn, and begin digestion.
The term "ingestion" refers specifically to ______ taking food into the mouth chewing food muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract breakdown of food into smaller pieces, either mechanically or chemically
taking food into the mouth
HDLs transport cholesterol to ______. the heart all tissues the spleen the liver
the liver
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? to ingest food to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes to absorb nutrient molecules to eliminate indigestible remains to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues
to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues
What is the major function of the colon? to digest/absorb to form feces to churn food to serve as a passageway only to eliminate iron
to form feces
Commercially packaged cookies, crackers, and snacks can be sources of the unhealthy ______ fats
trans
When unsaturated fats are hydrogenated to produce a solid fat, they form ______ fats
trans