BIO 2 UTC Mindtap Q's Exam One (Questions I missed)

Balanced polymorphism can be maintained by the combined actions of:

. heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection.

Which statement about allopolyploidy is FALSE?

Allopolyploidy accounts for a large portion of the remarkable species diversity observed on Earth today.

How are viruses classified by the ICTV?

By their host range and other characteristics

Mammal-like reptiles arose during which time period?

Carboniferous period

With respect to the alleles for sickle cell anemia, which genotype(s) is (are) at a disadvantage to persons residing in tropical areas of Africa?

both homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive

According to the progressive hypothesis, viruses may have originated as mobile genetic elements such as:

plasmids

Presently, it is thought that organic polymers may have formed and accumulated on:

rocks and clay

Because whales breathe via lungs, have a little hair when born, and nurse their young, these ____ characters allow us to classify them as mammals.

shared derived

The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships between them is referred to as:

systematics

Gradualism is rarely observed in the fossil record because:

the fossil record is incomplete

Which time period would hold the record of the oldest fossils of multicellular animals, found in mountainous areas of South Australia, and parts of Canada and China?

Ediciarian

Homoplastic structures are a result of ____ evolution.

convergent

Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate:

convergent evolution

If a small population of mice colonizes a new area away from the range of the original species, the colony that is geographically isolated may eventually evolve into a new species. These events can be used to describe:

allopatric speciation

When mutations are not passed on from one generation to the next, then a mutation can:

arise in somatic cells.

Before an animal cell's membrane fuses with a virus, the virus must first:

attach to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the host cell

The occurrence of an RNA world early in the history of life can never be proven, but experiments with _____ have shown that it is feasible.

in vitro evolution

What type of conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics?

lysogenic

Which process refers to dramatic phenotypic changes that sometimes occur in evolution, such as the appearance of feathered wings during the evolution of birds?

macroevolution

One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was the evolution of:

molecular reproduction

A cladist would attempt to classify organisms into ____ taxa.

monophyletic

A taxon that includes all the descendants of an ancestor is called:

monophyletic

Shared homologous structures would indicate that two taxa are:

monophyletic

The traditional class Reptilia is ____ because it does not include all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of reptiles.

paraphyletic

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is known as:

phylogeny

Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system. Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell via:

plasmodesmata

The overuse of antibiotics has led to a form of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis. This has occurred as a result of:

directional selection within the bacterial population.

Human viruses can enter human cells by fusion with the cell membrane or by:

endocytosis

What are considered to be the two most important factors that have been involved in past mass extinctions?

environmental and biological factors

Which hypothesis asserts that viruses are remnants of cellular organisms and evolved from small cells that were parasites in larger cells?

regressive hypothesis

What does p2 represent within the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

. The homozygous dominant genotype at a given locu

In a certain population, the allele causing sickle cell anemia has an allele frequency of 0.2. If the population is in genetic equilibrium for this allele, what fraction of the population would be carriers for the allele (heterozygous individuals)?

0.32

Who first proposed the concept that simple organic molecules could form spontaneously from simpler raw materials?

Oparin and Haldane

During which time period did shallow seas cover much of the land and another burst of evolutionary diversification occur?

Ordovician period

Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?

RNA molecules are able to function as both enzymes and substrates for their own replication. Hide Feedback Correct

Which of the following diseases is a DNA virus?

Smallpox

Who is credited with the discovery of prions as a new biological principle of infection?

Stanley Prusiner

Frequency-dependent selection acts to decrease the frequency of which phenotype in a population?

The most common phenotype

Due to a rapid change in the environment, a population of ants was reduced from one million to one thousand. What type of genetic drift will occur in the gene pool of this population when it expands again?

a genetic bottleneck

Which postzygotic barrier do mules illustrate?

a hybrid sterility

Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?

adaptive radiation

Which refers to the variations in rates of growth for different parts of the body?

allometric growth patterns

What type of organism possesses multiple sets of chromosomes from different species?

an allopolyploid

Humans, as well as all other mammals, have hair. Hair, then, would be considered to be a(n):

ancestral character

The atmosphere of early Earth is currently thought to have contained:

carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water, and nitrogen

When the reproductive cells of different species are incompatible and cannot accomplish fertilization, it is referred to as:

gametic isolation.

A population in which the allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time is said to be in:

genetic equilibrium.

In the human species, a heterozygote advantage is demonstrated by which condition?

hemophilia

A porpoise and a dolphin, both mammals, mate and produce an embryo, but the embryo fails to complete development. This event describes:

hybrid inviability

The iron-sulfur world hypothesis suggests that organic molecules formed near:

hydrothermal vents

Seriously abnormal phenotypes or harmful mutations are acted against or reduced to low frequencies by which mechanism?

natural selection

What are the two major forces contributing to allopatric speciation?

natural selection and genetic drift

What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three billion years ago?

obligate anaerobes

The first cells were most likely heterotrophic anaerobes because:

they utilized preformed organic molecules and did not need oxygen.

Which characteristic defines a virus?

viruses cannot metabolize