BIO 2 UTC Mindtap Q's Exam One (Questions I missed)
Balanced polymorphism can be maintained by the combined actions of:
. heterozygote advantage and frequency-dependent selection.
Which statement about allopolyploidy is FALSE?
Allopolyploidy accounts for a large portion of the remarkable species diversity observed on Earth today.
How are viruses classified by the ICTV?
By their host range and other characteristics
Mammal-like reptiles arose during which time period?
Carboniferous period
With respect to the alleles for sickle cell anemia, which genotype(s) is (are) at a disadvantage to persons residing in tropical areas of Africa?
both homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
According to the progressive hypothesis, viruses may have originated as mobile genetic elements such as:
plasmids
Presently, it is thought that organic polymers may have formed and accumulated on:
rocks and clay
Because whales breathe via lungs, have a little hair when born, and nurse their young, these ____ characters allow us to classify them as mammals.
shared derived
The scientific study of the diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships between them is referred to as:
systematics
Gradualism is rarely observed in the fossil record because:
the fossil record is incomplete
Which time period would hold the record of the oldest fossils of multicellular animals, found in mountainous areas of South Australia, and parts of Canada and China?
Ediciarian
Homoplastic structures are a result of ____ evolution.
convergent
Sea snakes, which are reptiles, are similar in body form to eels, which are fish. Sea snakes and eels therefore demonstrate:
convergent evolution
If a small population of mice colonizes a new area away from the range of the original species, the colony that is geographically isolated may eventually evolve into a new species. These events can be used to describe:
allopatric speciation
When mutations are not passed on from one generation to the next, then a mutation can:
arise in somatic cells.
Before an animal cell's membrane fuses with a virus, the virus must first:
attach to a specific receptor on the plasma membrane of the host cell
The occurrence of an RNA world early in the history of life can never be proven, but experiments with _____ have shown that it is feasible.
in vitro evolution
What type of conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics?
lysogenic
Which process refers to dramatic phenotypic changes that sometimes occur in evolution, such as the appearance of feathered wings during the evolution of birds?
macroevolution
One of the most significant steps in the evolution of true cells from macromolecular assemblages was the evolution of:
molecular reproduction
A cladist would attempt to classify organisms into ____ taxa.
monophyletic
A taxon that includes all the descendants of an ancestor is called:
monophyletic
Shared homologous structures would indicate that two taxa are:
monophyletic
The traditional class Reptilia is ____ because it does not include all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of reptiles.
paraphyletic
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor is known as:
phylogeny
Viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system. Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell via:
plasmodesmata
The overuse of antibiotics has led to a form of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis. This has occurred as a result of:
directional selection within the bacterial population.
Human viruses can enter human cells by fusion with the cell membrane or by:
endocytosis
What are considered to be the two most important factors that have been involved in past mass extinctions?
environmental and biological factors
Which hypothesis asserts that viruses are remnants of cellular organisms and evolved from small cells that were parasites in larger cells?
regressive hypothesis
What does p2 represent within the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
. The homozygous dominant genotype at a given locu
In a certain population, the allele causing sickle cell anemia has an allele frequency of 0.2. If the population is in genetic equilibrium for this allele, what fraction of the population would be carriers for the allele (heterozygous individuals)?
0.32
Who first proposed the concept that simple organic molecules could form spontaneously from simpler raw materials?
Oparin and Haldane
During which time period did shallow seas cover much of the land and another burst of evolutionary diversification occur?
Ordovician period
Why is it believed that RNA was the first informational molecule to evolve?
RNA molecules are able to function as both enzymes and substrates for their own replication. Hide Feedback Correct
Which of the following diseases is a DNA virus?
Smallpox
Who is credited with the discovery of prions as a new biological principle of infection?
Stanley Prusiner
Frequency-dependent selection acts to decrease the frequency of which phenotype in a population?
The most common phenotype
Due to a rapid change in the environment, a population of ants was reduced from one million to one thousand. What type of genetic drift will occur in the gene pool of this population when it expands again?
a genetic bottleneck
Which postzygotic barrier do mules illustrate?
a hybrid sterility
Which term indicates the evolution of many closely related species from one or a few ancestral species in a relatively short period of time?
adaptive radiation
Which refers to the variations in rates of growth for different parts of the body?
allometric growth patterns
What type of organism possesses multiple sets of chromosomes from different species?
an allopolyploid
Humans, as well as all other mammals, have hair. Hair, then, would be considered to be a(n):
ancestral character
The atmosphere of early Earth is currently thought to have contained:
carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water, and nitrogen
When the reproductive cells of different species are incompatible and cannot accomplish fertilization, it is referred to as:
gametic isolation.
A population in which the allele and genotype frequencies do not change over time is said to be in:
genetic equilibrium.
In the human species, a heterozygote advantage is demonstrated by which condition?
hemophilia
A porpoise and a dolphin, both mammals, mate and produce an embryo, but the embryo fails to complete development. This event describes:
hybrid inviability
The iron-sulfur world hypothesis suggests that organic molecules formed near:
hydrothermal vents
Seriously abnormal phenotypes or harmful mutations are acted against or reduced to low frequencies by which mechanism?
natural selection
What are the two major forces contributing to allopatric speciation?
natural selection and genetic drift
What kind of organisms likely perished due to the increase of oxygen in the atmosphere three billion years ago?
obligate anaerobes
The first cells were most likely heterotrophic anaerobes because:
they utilized preformed organic molecules and did not need oxygen.
Which characteristic defines a virus?
viruses cannot metabolize