BIO 205
"The force that operates on the 'reality principle' is an independent, powerful force in human functioning." What kind of theorist would agree MOST strongly with this statement? A) Classical Freudian B) Self C) Object relations D) Cognitive
A
"Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." The orientation of the author of this quote is MOST likely: A) cognitive-behavioral. B) humanistic-existential. C) psychodynamic-gestalt. D) sociocultural.
A
4. The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the _____ model. A) biological B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential
A
A key feature of group therapy is that: A) the clients have similar issues. B) everyone is equal and there is no formal leader. C) sessions are conducted in a face-to-face environment. D) it is used for educational rather than therapeutic purposes.
A
A man has cheated on his partner and he feels very guilty, but soon he begins to make excuses, saying that his partner has nagged him for years. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: A) rationalization. B) denial. C) regression. D) projection.
A
A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: A) develop depression when under stress. B) develop depression even when not under stress. C) develop depression but recover more quickly. D) develop depression that requires hospitalization.
A
Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: A) hormones. B) neurotransmitters. C) neurons. D) genes.
A
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: A) oral stage. B) anal stage. C) phallic stage. D) latency stage.
A
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can result in a person becoming stuck at a developmental level. This is called: A) fixation. B) neurosis. C) repression. D) displacement.
A
According to Freud, a child's pleasure from defecating is reflected in which part of the personality? A) Id B) Ego C) Superego D) Ego ideal
A
According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: A) repression. B) transference. C) resistance. D) catharsis.
A
Carter's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which statement would suggest MOST strongly that the id is firmly in control of Carter's behavior? A) Carter grabs some of the cookies and runs. B) Carter wants the cookies desperately but asks Mom only for a couple. C) Carter waits for Mom to leave the room, takes a few cookies, and runs away. D) Carter asks for some cookies in a whiney voice and, when denied, throws a tantrum.
A
Dontrall observed his parents' generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of: A) modeling. B) self-actualization. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.
A
During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her spouse and to tell her "spouse" why she is angry. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. A) gestalt B) sociocultural C) cognitive-behavioral D) existential
A
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: A) schizophrenia. B) anxiety disorders. C) depression. D) bipolar disorder.
A
Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: A) instincts, the ego, and the self. B) biological forces, culture, and learning. C) consciousness, unconsciousness, and instincts. D) instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards.
A
If a client is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the client is MOST likely being treated by a follower of: A) Beck. B) Freud. C) Bandura. D) Rogers.
A
Some researchers have manipulated the behaviors and thoughts of study participants to create clinical-like symptoms. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? A) Behaviors and thoughts may influence the development of psychological disorders. B) Psychological disorders can be prevented through behavior and thought modification. C) Disordered cognitions are an underlying causative factor in all psychological disorders. D) Psychological disorders result from outside influences that manipulate thinking and behavior.
A
The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. A) id B) superego C) self D) ego
A
The model of abnormality that focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior is the _____ model. A) cognitive-behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential
A
The outer layer of the brain is the: A) cortex. B) corpus callosum. C) basal ganglia. D) amygdala.
A
The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is: A) client-centered. B) insight. C) gestalt. D) existential.
A
Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role- playing and a "here and now" orientation, are _____ therapists. A) gestalt B) object relations C) cognitive-behavioral D) self
A
Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? A) To lessen the power of thoughts B) To stop the client from comparing himself or herself to others C) To decrease internal negative self-talk D) To increase awareness of why the client behaves a certain way
A
Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? A) Psychodynamic B) Cognitive C) Humanistic-existential D) Behavioral
A
Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? A) Psychodynamic B) Cognitive C) Humanistic-existential D) Behavioral
A
Which model is MOST likely to use terms such as resistance and transference? A) Psychodynamic B) Behavioral C) Humanist-existential D) Sociocultural
A
Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? A) "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members." B) "Abnormal behavior in the family causes an individual to develop dual personalities: one for the public and one for at home." C) "Behavior that one group would classify as abnormal may be the norm in another group. Therefore, there is no such thing as abnormal behavior." D) "A child often deliberately (consciously) adopts so-called abnormal behaviors when interacting with the family unit as a way to maintaining homeostasis."
A
Which theorist would be MOST likely to advocate use of skillful frustration as a part of therapy? A) Fritz Perls B) Joseph Wolpe C) Abraham Maslow D) Aaron Beck
A
A weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior is that: A) most people are reluctant to try biological treatments. B) this model dismisses the effect of nonbiological factors on behavior. C) there is limited research supporting biological causes of mental illness. D) the effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated.
A or B
Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? A) None of the models is complete in itself. B) All of the models include an element of the biological model. C) The underlying assumptions of each model are the same. D) Each model views childhood trauma as a factor contributing to abnormal behavior.
A or B
"Gambling disorder is a manifestation of the previously desirable behavior of being a risk taker." This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist? A) Self theorist B) Biological theorist C) Existential theorist D) Evolutionary theorist
A or C
"I loved dogs as a child, but one day when I tried to pet my neighbor's dog, it bit my lip. I've been afraid of dogs ever since." A therapist who assumes this describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors the _____ model of abnormality. A) humanistic-existential B) cognitive-behavioral C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic
B
"That's all right. You are doing your best. Don't worry. I'm here for you." A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the _____ tradition. A) cognitive B) humanistic C) psychodynamic D) rational emotive
B
"Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? A) Cognitive-behavioral B) Psychodynamic C) Sociocultural D) Humanistic-existential
B
"When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living." A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement? A) Cognitive-behavioral B) Humanistic-existential C) Psychodynamic D) Cognitive
B
1. In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as: A) facts. B) theories. C) paradigms. D) hypotheses.
B
5. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. A) behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential
B
A patient has social anxiety disorder. Which is an example of a biological treatment for this condition? A) Having the patient engage in activities that elicit anxiety B) Prescribing an antidepressant medication such as paroxetine C) Teaching the patient how to effectively challenge negative thoughts D) Encouraging the patient to cultivate relationships with others who have similar anxieties
B
A primary focus of the community mental health treatment approach to abnormality is: A) using drug therapy along with psychotherapy. B) prevention. C) homeostasis. D) rejecting all conventional forms of explaining abnormality.
B
A self-help group differs from group therapy in that the self-help group: A) focuses on "less serious" problems. B) is not led by a professional clinician. C) emphasizes the importance of having a positive outlook. D) encourages individuals to share information with the group.
B
A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: A) humanistic. B) existential. C) psychodynamic. D) cognitive.
B
According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? A) They are always sexual in nature. B) They are tied to experiences early in life. C) They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. D) They are unconscious and, therefore, not a factor in conscious experience.
B
According to psychoanalytic theory, which statement is TRUE about dreams? A) They are without real importance. B) They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. C) They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. D) They are the brain's attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity.
B
Amelia has been told that her course of therapy is likely to take a year or more because it involves the reshaping of her personality and that takes many sessions. Her therapy is MOST likely: A) biological therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) existential-humanistic therapy.
B
Brayden is asked to free associate about his mother's new husband, and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A) catharsis. B) resistance. C) transference. D) countertransference.
B
Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. This form of learning is called: A) shaping. B) modeling. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.
B
Determinists assume that abnormal behaviors: A) are learned. B) are determined based on past experience. C) have physiological bases. D) are due to unconscious conflicts.
B
Freud believed that the id is fueled by: A) self-preservation. B) the libido. C) the conscious mind. D) fear.
B
Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: A) using "I" language. B) focusing on the here and now. C) role-playing. D) frustrating the client.
B
Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. The force that is in control in this example is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) fixation.
B
Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others and who is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: A) authentic. B) self-actualizing. C) role-playing. D) experiencing catharsis.
B
Huntington's disease has psychological and physical aspects. This results in part from loss of cells in the cortex and the: A) corpus callosum. B) basal ganglia. C) hippocampus. D) amygdala.
B
If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing: A) couple therapy. B) family therapy. C) feminist therapy. D) self-help therapy.
B
If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: A) spontaneity. B) unconditional self-regard. C) unconditional positive regard. D) conditions of worth.
B
Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Which would be a part of your paradigm? A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model
B
In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. The BEST explanation for this trend is that these theories: A) focused primarily on unconscious thoughts, instincts, and conflict. B) focused on a positive message and living a meaningful life. C) identified an external source as the cause of abnormal behavior. D) discounted the concept of "abnormal" and focused on acceptance.
B
Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what Freud called: A) reflex. B) the pleasure principle. C) primary process thought. D) secondary process thought.
B
Nari was taking the bar exam and was concerned that she didn't know the answers to many of the questions. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. The force that is in control in this example is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) fixation.
B
Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: A) without any religious belief are the healthiest. B) who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. C) who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. D) who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness.
B
Subjecting a person to a situation that causes the individual anxiety as a means of eliminating future anxiety is called: A) modeling. B) exposure therapy. C) relational psychoanalytic therapy. D) short-term psychodynamic therapy.
B
The MOST likely consequence of having acquired conditions of worth is: A) social isolation. B) a distorted view of the self. C) increased participation in very high-risk activities. D) development of sociopathic tendencies.
B
The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A) glia. B) dendrites. C) axons. D) synapses.
B
The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: A) clone a mammal. B) map, or sequence, genes. C) insert RNA into genes. D) create an "ideal" set of genes.
B
The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) libido.
B
The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: A) current thinking in the mental health profession. B) classic Freudian psychotherapy. C) conclusions drawn by research scientists. D) the way in which the mental health profession is moving.
B
The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: A) Perls. B) Rogers. C) Beck. D) Freud.
B
The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: A) challenging irrational cognitions. B) accepting problematic thoughts. C) working to change unacceptable thoughts. D) researching the effectiveness of the therapy.
B
The theorists who place the MOST significance on the relationship between the therapist and the client are _____ therapists. A) gestalt B) existential C) object relations D) cognitive-behavioral
B
Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: A) biological. B) cognitive-behavioral. C) sociocultural. D) object relations.
B
What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call the: A) defense mechanism. B) superego. C) ego. D) reality principle.
B
When a young child yells and throws toys (i.e., throws a temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: A) unresolved intrapsychic conflict. B) operant conditioning. C) unconditional positive regard. D) neurotransmitter imbalances.
B
When treating religious patients, it is recommended that mental health professionals: A) avoid discussing religion. B) encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. C) explain the connection between religious practices and mental health. D) caution the patient against using religious-based counseling services.
B
Which is NOT a goal of group therapy? A) Sharing advice B) Analyzing dreams C) Developing insights D) Building social skills
B
Which is NOT an argument of critics of the evolutionary perspective? A) It is difficult to research this perspective. B) The perspective is overly precise. C) It requires leaps of faith to believe in this perspective. D) The perspective rests on an interaction of genes and environment.
B
Which theory has its roots in the philosophical idea that people are constantly evaluating and giving meaning to their existence through their actions? A) Humanistic B) Existential C) Cognitive D) Behavioral
B
Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? A) It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. B) The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. C) This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment. D) This model requires the therapist to predict abnormal behavior in individuals.
B
With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: A) focus on setting goals for the future. B) let their thoughts flow, without judgment. C) reject thoughts that are not rational. D) try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts.
B
With regard to assessing the effectiveness of the various models of abnormality, which model BEST lends itself to laboratory testing? A) Psychodynamic B) Cognitive-behavioral C) Humanistic-existential D) Sociocultural
B
Your friend and roommate moves out without giving you any notice. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your friend's departure and ways to save money. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: A) denial. B) rationalization. C) intellectualization. D) projection.
B
Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? A) It is the most commonly used biological treatment for mental disorders. B) It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. C) Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. D) It produces a steady stream of low-voltage electricity to the targeted brain areas.
B or C
The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person's head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: A) vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). C) deep brain stimulation. D) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
B or D
A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? A) Sociocultural B) Biocultural C) Psychocultural D) Cognitive-cultural
B?
The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. A) cognitive-behavioral B) sociocultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential
B?
A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: A) psychiatric. B) biological. C) psychodynamic. D) psychophysical.
C
"Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential." The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: A) behavioral. B) humanistic. C) existential. D) psychodynamic.
C
2. Which of the following is NOT influenced by the paradigm to which an investigator subscribes? A) The questions that are asked B) The interpretation of the findings C) The definition of abnormal behavior D) The scientist's basic assumptions
C
A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: A) prevent feelings of anger and acts of aggression. B) control biological factors by focusing on behavior. C) replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. D) understand how beliefs and values are related to behaviors.
C
A patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. The form of psychotherapy that this patient is receiving is called: A) cognitive therapy. B) biological therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) behavior therapy.
C
A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. Soon, the patient begins seeking the therapist's approval for all types of decisions, rather than just making the decisions herself. This is an example of: A) catharsis. B) resistance. C) transference. D) free association.
C
A patient's initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: A) regression. B) repression. C) denial. D) rationalization.
C
A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. Based on related research, we would expect this person to have a _____ number of offline friends and to _____ share information with them. A) very small; selectively B) large; selectively C) large; openly D) small; openly
C
A theorist who takes an evolutionary perspective on abnormal behavior would MOST likely agree that: A) genome mapping is a waste of time. B) the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. C) at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior actually helped humans survive. D) people can inherit physical but not mental capacities.
C
A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely a _____ theorist. A) self B) biological C) humanistic D) cognitive-behavioral
C
According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that is the conscience is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) ego ideal.
C
According to cognition-focused therapists, which is a factor in abnormal behavior? A) Egocentrism B) Self-talk C) Illogical thinking D) Objective interpretations
C
Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to: A) increase positive self-talk and decrease risk taking. B) increase feelings of gratitude and decrease feelings of fear. C) alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. D) use conscious thought as a means to decrease physiological signs of anxiety.
C
David Rosenhan sent pseudopatients to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. A) an actual symptom B) the community mental health system C) labeling D) communication
C
Depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality? A) Low activity of GABA B) Absence of dopamine C) Low activity of serotonin D) Excessive activity of norepinephrine
C
If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: A) externalized. B) cultural. C) enmeshed. D) disengaged.
C
If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: A) humanistic therapy. B) existential therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) psychoanalytic therapy.
C
Lin goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognition-focused theorists would say that Lin's depression results in large part from: A) modeling. B) early childhood trauma. C) illogical thinking. D) unconscious feelings of loss.
C
Research has shown that mindfulness is associated with improvements in: A) long-term memory. B) numerical and spatial reasoning. C) autonomic nervous system functioning. D) feelings of social connectedness among teens.
C
The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. A) existential B) cognitive-behavioral C) sociocultural D) humanistic
C
The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive-behavioral C) humanistic-existential D) biological
C
The only time Farah receives attention is when misbehaving in a bizarre way. This is an example of: A) shaping. B) modeling. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.
C
The role of the unified personality is a central theme of: A) ego theory. B) self theory. C) psychoanalytic theory. D) object relations theory.
C
What is libido? A) The same as the id B) The source of pleasure C) The sexual energy of the id D) The sum of the id's instinctual needs
C
When Matías did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an example of: A) depression. B) delusional thinking. C) overgeneralization. D) flight of ideas.
C
When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. This is an example of behavior modification using: A) modeling. B) exposure therapy. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.
C
Which example BEST describes conditions of worth? A) A boy believes that he is deserving of love only when he earns good grades. B) A girl values her self-worth even when she fails at something. C) A boy is internally motivated to put forth his best effort on his science project. D) A girl is anxious about giving a speech in front of her class.
C
Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? A) Psychodynamic B) Multicultural C) Cognitive D) Humanistic
C
Which group BEST reflects those who may benefit from couple therapy? A) Married couples B) Any two individuals who live together C) Individuals who are in a long-term relationship D) Individuals in a romantic relationship who live together
C
Which phrase would one be MOST likely to hear in a self-help group? A) "I think it's important that you figure this out on your own." B) "The therapist will tell us what to do." C) "Try this. It worked for me." D) "Let's talk about our dreams."
C
3. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. A) sociocultural B) biological C) cognitive D) demonological
D
6. The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _____ model. A) cognitive-behavioral B) humanistic-existential C) sociocultural D) psychodynamic
D
A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. A) tertiary B) mutual-help C) cognitive-behavioral D) integrative behavioral
D
A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? A) The drug eliminates the biological urge to drink alcohol. B) The drug addresses (corrects) the underlying biological reasons for alcohol abuse. C) The client is operantly conditioned to associate sobriety with happiness. D) The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting.
D
A patient sees a therapist to help her address her eating disorder. The therapist focuses only on issues specifically related to this problem. This therapy is BEST described as: A) relational psychoanalytic therapy. B) psychoanalysis. C) extended psychoanalytic therapy. D) short-term psychodynamic therapy.
D
A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. In her dream, she panics and looks for her dog everywhere. This dream is interpreted to reflect the patient's emotional stress over losing her mother, who is terminally ill. Which is an example of latent content? A) Losing the dog B) Looking for the dog C) Feeling panicked in the dream D) Feeling stress about her mother's illness
D
A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a _____ theorist. A) existential B) humanistic C) sociocultural D) behavior-focused
D
A therapist listens carefully to a client's words and then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. MOST likely, this therapist is a _____ therapist. A) behavior-focused B) cognitive-behavioral C) psychodynamic D) humanistic
D
According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: A) positive transference. B) negative transference. C) manifest content. D) latent content.
D
According to a 2013 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: A) existential. B) multicultural. C) psychodynamic. D) cognitive-behavioral.
D
According to family systems theory, families that show disengagement are characterized by: A) members who are overinvolved in one another's lives. B) parents who have a laissez-faire parenting style. C) children who very seldom fight. D) rigid boundaries between family members.
D
An athlete is well prepared for a contest. Nevertheless, just before the contest starts, she thinks, "I can't do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I'm going to fail!" Which type of theorist would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? A) Psychodynamic B) Behavioral-focused C) Existential D) Cognition-focused
D
An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: A) some people do not benefit from drug treatments. B) drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. C) drugs are not very effective in the treatment of abnormal behavior. D) the adverse effects of drugs may result in worse quality of life than the abnormality brings.
D
Biological theorists today believe that the key to psychological disorders lies in: A) specific brain structures. B) genetic mutations. C) congenital malformations. D) brain circuits.
D
Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from: A) natural observation. B) ethnographic studies. C) double-blind studies. D) case studies.
D
If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: A) point out the client's misconceptions. B) give insightful interpretations of the client's statements. C) identify the client's unreasonable ideas and feelings. D) show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements.
D
Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: A) dendrites. B) axons. C) neurotransmitters. D) synapses.
D
Shemar has obsessive-compulsive disorder and repeatedly checks to ensure the doors are locked. According to determinists, which is the MOST likely reason for this behavior? A) Shemar sustained a traumatic injury to the hippocampus. B) When Shemar was around age 10, Shemar's next-door neighbor was attacked in her home. C) As an adult, Shemar forgot to lock his back door when he left for a weeklong vacation. D) During his childhood, Shemar's parents told him to always keep the doors locked.
D
The biological treatment known as psychosurgery would MOST likely be used in the treatment of a patient with: A) a severe disorder that is also associated with a high risk of suicide. B) a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. C) moderate to severe mental illness and a coexisting developmental disorder. D) a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment.
D
The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: A) improving the client's interactions with others. B) helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. C) helping the client gain insight into his or her unconscious desires and needs. D) modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking.
D
The model of abnormality that MOST closely aligns with positive psychology is the _____ model. A) family-social B) multicultural C) psychodynamic D) humanistic-existential
D
The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: A) ego theory. B) self theory. C) psychoanalytic theory. D) object relations theory.
D
The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that: A) religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. B) psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. C) people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. D) people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.
D
The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A) cognition-focused therapists. B) behavior-focused therapists. C) psychoanalysts. D) humanists.
D
The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: A) social labels and roles. B) family structure and communication. C) social networks. D) past traumatic experiences.
D
What happens when an electrical impulse reaches a neuron's ending? A) Neurotransmitters are released. B) Release of neurotransmitters is stopped. C) The receiving neurons fire. D) The receiving neurons stop all firing.
D
When a subject is participating in the final testing phase of a drug study, which of the following is taking place? A) The drug is simultaneously being tested on animals. B) The researchers are assessing the subject for unexpected long-term effects. C) The subject is assessing the safety of the drug. D) The researchers are examining the effects on the subject to determine the drug's efficacy and side effects.
D
Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? A) Psychodynamic B) Sociocultural C) Humanist-existential D) Cognitive-behavioral
D
Which of the following dreams is the MOST common? A) Failing an examination B) Flying in the air C) Falling D) Being chased or pursued
D
Which statement about couple therapy is MOST accurate? A) Only about 10 percent of those who receive couple therapy eventually divorce. B) Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. C) There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. D) There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy.
D
With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: A) resonate with many people who are eager to explore these issues. B) support the ideas of positive psychology. C) emphasize health. D) lend itself easily to research.
D
You didn't study for a test, and you blame your poor performance on all the other work you had to do. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: A) denial. B) rationalization. C) intellectualization. D) displacement.
D
_____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. A) Sociocultural; biological B) Psychodynamic; existential C) Humanistic; cognitive-behavioral D) Cognitive-behavioral; psychodynamic
D
