BIO 241 - Quiz 2
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, which area acts similar to stratum basale, with mitotic cells?
E
In the photomicrograph shown below, in which layer do new cells arise?
E
Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?
E
Thick skin is characterized by which of the following? Choose all that apply.
Exhibits epidermal ridges, more sweat glands and a higher density of sensory receptors Found on palms, palmar surfaces of digits, and soles The stratum lucidum is present
In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?
Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)
what gives a wound temporary integrity from external factors?
blood clot
Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply.
blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin
which structures are sensitive to warmth, coolness, and itching?
free nerve endings
what is an indicator (in a diagram) that thick skin is being shown?
hair follicles, arrector pili muscle, if you can identify the stratum lucidum layer of the epidermis
in a hair, where are the actively dividing cells located?
hair matrix (layer around papilla, where melanocytes are)
which structure generates fingertips of the skin?
epidermal ridges
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the
epidermis
Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?
epithelium is migrating across wound
a hangnail is often associated with drying of what part?
eponychium (cuticle)
in deep wound healing, what creates the framework of fibers from which new tissue is built?
fibroblast
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the
hypodermis
Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?
male-patteren baldness
in the hair root, where does melanin get deposited?
medulla and cortex (innermost two layers, medulla may not be present in all hair types)
Albinism is the inherited inability to produce
melanin
Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?
melanin
what part of the fingernail is comparable to the stratum corneum, with visible vascular tissue beneath?
nail body
what part of the fingernail acts similar to the stratum basale, with mitotic cells?
nail matrix
Which structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?
oil glands, lamellar granules
Which statements describe the structure or function of sebaceous glands?
oil producing, holocrine, sebum
which area of the skin is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue?
papillary region of the dermis
from which layer in the epidermis do new cells arise?
stratum basale
Apoptosis of cells occurs within the
stratum granulosum
which layer is only present in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)?
stratum spinosum
Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?
subQ
Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?
sweat glands
which structures are composed of stratified cuboidal tissue?
sweat glands, sebaceous glands
which structure detects touch sensations?
tactile epithelial (merkel) cell
In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect
the ability to thermoregulate
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, a hangnail is associated with drying of what area?
B
Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. 4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.
1, 2
Which of the following statements about keratin are correct? 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light.
1, 3
In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?
B
In the diagram of skin shown below, which labeled structure generates fingerprints?
A
Which of the following areas in the diagram below gives the wound temporary integrity from external factors, like microbes?
A
Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals?
A
Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching?
A
In the diagram of a hair root shown, where does melanin get deposited? Select all that apply.
A, B
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built?
C
Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?
C
In the diagram of skin shown below, which structures are composed of stratified cuboidal tissue? Select all that apply.
C, E, F
In the diagram of skin shown below, where is smooth muscle found?
D
In the diagram of skin shown below, which structure illustrates that thin skin is present?
D
In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, which area is comparable to the stratum corneum with visible vascular tissue beneath?
D
In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)?
D
In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area is composed of dense connective tissue?
F
What are characteristics of thick skin?
Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips Does not contain hair follicles Contains more sweat glands than thin skin Contain epidermal ridges.
In the diagram of skin shown below, which area is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue?
G
In the diagram, where are actively dividing cells located?
G
In the diagram, where does apoptosis occur?
G
Which structure / region is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?
G
Which structures house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capillary loops?
I
Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange?
The pigment carotene is stored there
Which statements describing vitamin D are true.
When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver, then in the kidneys. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines.
Where is smooth muscle found in the skin?
arrector pili muscle
How do nutrients reach the epidermis?
diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis
Put the events of keratinization in order. A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix. D. Cells within this layer proliferate
d, b, a, c
which structures house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capilallary loops?
dermal papillae (bottom portion of epidermis)
in the hair root, what area is composed of dense connective tissue?
dermal root sheath (outermost layer)
Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the
dermis
Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?
eccrine sweat gland
A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?
eczema
The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is
jaundice
A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n)
keloid scar
which structure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues?
keratinocyte
Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?
laceration
This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.
stratum basale
Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?
reticular region of the dermis
This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion.
sebaceous gland
Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.
sebum
Tactile epithelial cells are located in the
stratum basale
Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? Choose the best answer.
there are five layers
Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin?
thick skin contains five stratums
An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are
urticaria