BIO 245 Integumentary System

Spinosum

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide. Multiple choice question.

exocytosis

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.

palms and soles

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and-----of hands and fingers, the sides and-----of feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

4 weeks keratinocytes present

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

strata or layers and thickness or thinness

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal-------in the epidermis and the relative---------of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

Keratine

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein

reticular, subcutaneous

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

deep, collage fibers

The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.

o.4 and o.6 epidermis range

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

dead keratinocytes

The exposed parts of nails and hair are compos ed of _______ keratinocytes.

living and dead keratinocytes

The first strata of the epidermis consist -----keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contains---- keratinocytes.

eleidin

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation

Provides thermal insulation, protects the body, acts as energy reservoir

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

Epidermal appendages

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

True

The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm

melanin pigment

Block UV light from causing mutation in the DNA

Stratified squamous epithelium

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis.

Nucleus

During the process of keratinization, the cell's------- and organelle disintegrate and the cells start to die.

body; edge

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

stratum spinosum and granulosum

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

fingerprints

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers

stratum lucidum

In the thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells.

Cholecalciferol

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

stratum basale (basal layer)

Layers of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived.

melanocytes

Located scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment ruction cells.

simple, coiled, and tubular

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

corneum

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

Sweat and sebaceous glands

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels------glands, ---------glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

tactile cells

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basal are cells that are sensitive to tech. these sensory cells are called:

Epidermis specific layers

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratus lucid found in thick skin only, stratum corner.

Keratinocytes synthesized by keratin protein

The most numerous cell of the epidermis are

transpiration

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

Sweat and sebaceous glands

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

water resistant

The skin is best described as ______.

corneum

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

epidermis and dermis

The two distance layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue.

merocrine; apocrine

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.

thickness, coloration, and skin markings

There are three main variations in the epidermis.

merocrine glands

Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.

tactile cells (merkel cells)

When compressed release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings in the dermis.

Kidney, liver, skin

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

Keratinization

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called:

Hemangiomas

bening tumore

Dendrite cells

containing in the stratum spinosum together with keratinocytes. help to fight infections.

Exocrine glands of the skin

hair follicle, arrestor pili muscle, sebaceous gland, apocrine sweat gland.

Epidermis

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, range between 0.075 mm and 0.6 mm.

3-5 layers of keratinocytes

stratum granulosum

Integument layer

epidermis, papillary layer, dermis, reticular layer, and subcutaneous layer

stratum corneum

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells.

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale stratums

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers.