BIO 245 Integumentary System
Spinosum
After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide. Multiple choice question.
exocytosis
Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.
palms and soles
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and-----of hands and fingers, the sides and-----of feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.
4 weeks keratinocytes present
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).
strata or layers and thickness or thinness
Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal-------in the epidermis and the relative---------of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.
Keratine
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein
reticular, subcutaneous
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
deep, collage fibers
The dermis is ______ to the epidermis and contains primarily ______.
o.4 and o.6 epidermis range
The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.
dead keratinocytes
The exposed parts of nails and hair are compos ed of _______ keratinocytes.
living and dead keratinocytes
The first strata of the epidermis consist -----keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contains---- keratinocytes.
eleidin
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation
Provides thermal insulation, protects the body, acts as energy reservoir
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?
Epidermal appendages
The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.
True
The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm
melanin pigment
Block UV light from causing mutation in the DNA
Stratified squamous epithelium
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis.
Nucleus
During the process of keratinization, the cell's------- and organelle disintegrate and the cells start to die.
body; edge
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
stratum spinosum and granulosum
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.
fingerprints
Friction ridges on the tips of fingers
stratum lucidum
In the thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells.
Cholecalciferol
Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.
stratum basale (basal layer)
Layers of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived.
melanocytes
Located scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment ruction cells.
simple, coiled, and tubular
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
corneum
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.
Sweat and sebaceous glands
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels------glands, ---------glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.
tactile cells
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basal are cells that are sensitive to tech. these sensory cells are called:
Epidermis specific layers
Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratus lucid found in thick skin only, stratum corner.
Keratinocytes synthesized by keratin protein
The most numerous cell of the epidermis are
transpiration
The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called
Sweat and sebaceous glands
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.
water resistant
The skin is best described as ______.
corneum
The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.
epidermis and dermis
The two distance layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue.
merocrine; apocrine
The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and ______ sweat glands.
thickness, coloration, and skin markings
There are three main variations in the epidermis.
merocrine glands
Thermoregulation is a major function of ______ sweat glands.
tactile cells (merkel cells)
When compressed release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings in the dermis.
Kidney, liver, skin
Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?
Keratinization
Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called:
Hemangiomas
bening tumore
Dendrite cells
containing in the stratum spinosum together with keratinocytes. help to fight infections.
Exocrine glands of the skin
hair follicle, arrestor pili muscle, sebaceous gland, apocrine sweat gland.
Epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, range between 0.075 mm and 0.6 mm.
3-5 layers of keratinocytes
stratum granulosum
Integument layer
epidermis, papillary layer, dermis, reticular layer, and subcutaneous layer
stratum corneum
the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells.
Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
Corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale stratums
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers.