Bio 3 test

During high-intensity exercise, the release of hydrogen ions by muscle cells causes blood pH to become more basic. True False

False

What happens to the respiratory exchange ratio (the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled compared to the amount of oxygen inhaled) after anaerobic exercise? No answer text provided. It increases from 0.8~0.9 to over 1 It decreases from 0.8~0.9 to less than 0.5 It stays relatively constant at 0.8~0.9

It increases from 0.8~0.9 to over 1

The primary source of carbon dioxide in the blood during anaerobic exercise comes from where? The buffering of hydrogen ions with bicarbonate The splitting of water during photosynthesis The metabolism of lactate by the liver The conversion of glucose into glycogen by muscle

The buffering of hydrogen ions with bicarbonate

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. They produce glucose. They produce ATP. The energy is coupled to oxygen.

They produce ATP.

In anaerobic exercise like a high-intensity sprint, the elevation of heart rate and increases in respiration rate are primarily useful for what? Bringing glucose and oxygen to the muscle Transporting waste products away from the muscle Keeping fluids moving rapidly through the kidneys Keeping muscles warm by recirculating heat

Transporting waste products away from the muscle

Fluid moves into muscle cells during high-intensity exercise because the accumulation of intermediate products of anaerobic respiration. True False

True

Most of the glucose used in a muscle cell during a Windgate sprint comes from the glycogen stores of the muscle cell and not from the blood stream. True False

True

The ATP generated during high intensity exercise comes from three different metabolic pathways: oxidative phosphorylation, phosphocreatine breakdown, and glycolysis. True False

True

The fight-or-flight response is responsible for elevating heart rate during Windgate sprints. True False

True

What does the term anaerobic mean? Without carbon dioxide Without glucose Without water Without oxygen

Without oxygen

Why do you feel "out of breath" after a period of intense exercise? Your body keeps your breathing rate the same in order to increase the amount of oxygen in your blood. Your body decreases your breathing rate in order to conserve oxygen. Your body increases your breathing rate in order to lower the pH of your blood. Your body increases your breathing rate in order to clear out carbon dioxide.

Your body increases your breathing rate in order to clear out carbon dioxide.

External fertilization occurs in which type of environment? a. Aquatic b. Forested c. Savanna d. Steppe

a. Aquatic

Which of the following gives rise to the skin cells? a. Ectoderm b. Endoderm c. Mesoderm d. None of the above

a. Ectoderm

Which of the following statements is not true? a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body. b. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function. c. Some amino acids can be synthesized by the body, while others need to be obtained from diet. d. Vitamins come in two categories: fat- soluble and water-soluble.

a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.

Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure? a. Mouth b. Salivary glands c. Pancreas d. Liver

a. Mouth

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the contractions during labor? a. Oxytocin b. Estrogen c. Beta-HCG d. Progesterone

a. Oxytocin

Which part of the nervous system directly controls the digestive system? a. Parasympathetic nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Spinal cord d. Sensory-somatic nervous system

a. Parasympathetic nervous system

Knees, elbows, and shoulders are examples of a. Synovial joints b. Cartilaginous joints c. Fibrous joints d. Tendons

a. Synovial joints

Males have which of the following sex chromosomes? a. XY b. XX c. YY d. It is impossible to know.

a. XY

The pectoral girdle supports the _______. a. arms b. legs c. skull d. thoracic cage

a. arms

An animal that is viviparous reproduced by _______. a. giving birth to free-living young b. producing internally fertilized eggs that develop externally c. producing eggs that are fertilized externally d. incubating eggs internally while the fetus develops

a. giving birth to free-living young

During exhalation, when the diaphragm relaxes and the volume of the chest cavity decreases, air pressure ________ inside the lungs. a. increases b. decreases c. decreases then increases d. is unchanged

a. increases

The respiratory system _______. a. provides body tissues with oxygen b. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide c. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute d. provides the body with carbon dioxide

a. provides body tissues with oxygen

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. a. skeletal muscle only b. cardiac muscle only c. smooth muscle only d. skeletal and cardiac muscles

a. skeletal muscle only

Among other bones, the axial skeleton includes the _______. a. thoracic cage and vertebral column b. thoracic cage and pectoral girdle c. skull and pelvic girdle d. pectoral and pelvic girdles

a. thoracic cage and vertebral column

Which of the following is most likely to be responsible for lowering your blood sugar after it rises above normal? a. The use of the sugar for energy by your cells. b. A homeostatic mechanism based on negative feedback. c. Type II diabetes d. A homeostatic mechanism based on positive feedback.

b. A homeostatic mechanism based on negative feedback.

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback? a. After eating a meal containing high glucose levels, the pancreas secretes more insulin, a hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. b. After cutting your finger, the injured tissue releases chemicals that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals to activate more platelets, leading to the formation of a blood clot. c. An elevation in blood pressure causes heart rate to decrease, thereby causing blood pressure to decrease. d. The secretion of the hormone TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine. Thyroxine, in turn, inhibits the secretion of TSH.

b. After cutting your finger, the injured tissue releases chemicals that activate platelets in the blood. These activated platelets release chemicals to activate more platelets, leading to the formation of a blood clot.

Which of the following characteristics is typical of individuals with Types 1 Diabetes? a. Control their diabetes solely by monitoring their diet. b. Are unable to produce insulin. c. Tend to acquire the disease as an adult. d. Do not require insulin injections.

b. Are unable to produce insulin.

What type of tissue is adipose tissue? a. Muscle b. Connective c. Epithelial d. Nervous

b. Connective

Which component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction? a. Proteins b. Electrochemical signals c. Plasma membranes d. Striations

b. Electrochemical signals

In females, new eggs are produced continuously throughout the life of the individual. a. True b. False c. Maybe d. It is impossible to tell

b. False

Sexual identity is determined by the sex chromosome make-up of an individual only. True or false? a. True b. False

b. False

The sensory-somatic nervous system controls bodily functions without conscious control. a. True b. False

b. False

What are the ideal average percent body fat ranges for males and females? a. Females, 19-18 and males 19-26 percent body fat b. Females, 19-26 and males, 13- 18 percent body fat c. Females, 32-38 and males, 20-26 percent body fat d. Females, 20-26 and males, 32-38 percent body fat

b. Females, 19-26 and males, 13- 18 percent body fat

Since dietary fiber is indigestible by humans, why is it still important that our diet contains this type of carbohydrate? a. It provides the amino acids we need to build proteins. b. It keeps our intestines healthy and protects us against certain types of cancer. c. It provides vitamins and minerals. d. Dietary fiber is not a necessary or important part of our diet.

b. It keeps our intestines healthy and protects us against certain types of cancer.

Which is NOT a property of the trophoblast? a. It is a layer of the blastocyst. b. It will go on to form the embryo. c. Secretes enzymes that allow implantation into the uterus. d. Will contribute to the placenta and nourish the embryo

b. It will go on to form the embryo.

The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body. a. dendrite b. axon c. microglia d. collagen fiber

b. axon

Organs develop from the germ layers through a process called _______. a. gene expression b. differentiation c. blastula d. acrosomal reaction

b. differentiation

Nutrient and waste requirements for the developing fetus are handled during the first few weeks by _______. a. the placenta b. diffusion through the endometrium c. the chorion d. the blastocyst

b. diffusion through the endometrium

The structure covering the axons that acts as an insulator for the electrical signal to travel down the axon is called _______. a. action potential b. myelin sheath c. dendrites d. terminal buttons

b. myelin sheath

The order of airflow during inhalation is ________. a. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli b. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli c. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli d. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli, bronchioles

b. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called _______. a. synapses b. nodes of Ranvier c. schwann cells d. axons

b. nodes of Ranvier

An animal that is oviparous reproduces by _________. a. giving birth to free-living young b. producing internally fertilized eggs that develop externally c. producing eggs that are fertilized externally d. incubating eggs internally while the fetus develops

b. producing internally fertilized eggs that develop externally

Compared to human cells, there are about _______ bacterial and archaeal cells inhabiting our bodies. a. the same number of b. twice as many c. 10-100 times as many d. million times as many

c. 10-100 times as many

Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? a. LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. b. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles. d. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estrogen but stimulated by high levels of estrogen.

c. Both progesterone and estrogen are produced by the follicles.

Which of the following is not a type of tissue? a. Muscle b. Nervous c. Embryonic d. Epithelial

c. Embryonic

Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released? a. Testosterone b. Estrogen c. GnRH d. Progesterone

c. GnRH

What region of the brain controls visual information? a. Temporal lobe b. Frontal lobe c. Occipital lobe d. Parietal lobe

c. Occipital lobe

The process of gametogenesis _______. a. results in diploid gametes b. results in human sperm with 46 chromosomes c. allows fertilization to result in a cell with the correct number of chromosomes for that species d. only occurs in males

c. allows fertilization to result in a cell with the correct number of chromosomes for that species

The part of the brain that is responsible for coordination during movement is the _______. a. limbic system b. thalamus c. cerebellum d. parietal lobe

c. cerebellum

When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will ________. a. experience a drop in its body temperature b. wait to see if it goes lower c. constrict blood vessels and work to maintain heat within the core of the body d. add fur or fat to increase insulation

c. constrict blood vessels and work to maintain heat within the core of the body

Neurons contain _______, which can receive signals from other neurons. a. axons b. mitochondria c. dendrites d. golgi bodies

c. dendrites

Homeostasis is an organism's ability to _______. a. obtain energy from food b. interact with its specific environment c. maintain a constant internal environment d. survive without water for long periods of time

c. maintain a constant internal environment

The antagonistic pairs of arm and leg muscles allow ________. a. different types of rotations of joints b. healthy muscles to compensate for injured ones c. muscles to produce opposing movements d. muscles to contract in unison

c. muscles to produce opposing movements

Sperm are produced in the _______. a. scrotum b. seminal vesicles c. seminiferous tubules d. prostate gland

c. seminiferous tubules

A person without an epiglottis would not be able to _______. a. digest carbohydrates b. digest fats c. swallow food without the possibility of choking d. absorb nutrients

c. swallow food without the possibility of choking

The peripheral nervous system is________. a. a tree-like structure that extend away from the cell body to receive messages b. a tube-like structure that propagates the signal from the cell body c. the connection between the central nervous system and the rest of the body d. made up of the brain and the spinal cord

c. the connection between the central nervous system and the rest of the body

In mammals, the layer covering the egg is called the _______. a. acrosome b. cleavage c. zona pellucida d. zygote

c. zona pellucida

By-products of cellular respiration include: carbon dioxide and water. NADH and ATP. FADH2 and NADH. oxygen and heat.

carbon dioxide and water.

What makes it hard to breathe when you have asthma? a. Inflammation swelling inside the airways. b. Bronchoconstriction muscles tighten around the airways. c. Excess mucus clogs the airway. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following are characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system? a. It is responsible for the immediate responses when one encounters a dangerous situation. b. It is also called the "fight-or-flight" response. c. It increases the heart rate. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

In the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU), a single reaction is blocked in a normal metabolic pathway sequence, and the amino acid phenylalanine cannot be converted to the next chemical step. Phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, builds up in the body and high levels affect the nervous system that lead to mental retardation. What would be a logical treatment for this disorder? a. Antibiotics b. Vitamin supplements c. Increased ingestion of foods high in phenylalanine. d. Eat less foods high in phenylalanine.

d. Eat less foods high in phenylalanine.

What is the nature of the message that nerve cells conduct? a. Chemical b. Hormonal c. Audible d. Electrical

d. Electrical

What tissue type is characterized as being excitable and capable of sending and receiving electrochemical signals that provide the body with information? a. Muscle b. Epithelial c. Connective d. Nervous

d. Nervous

Which organ has the greater surface area for absorption of nutrients? a. Large intestine b. Stomach c. Pancreas d. Small intestine

d. Small intestine

Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is false? a. The vas deferens carries sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles. b. The ejaculatory duct joins the urethra. c. Both the prostate and the bulbourethral glands produce components of the semen. d. The prostate gland is located in the testes.

d. The prostate gland is located in the testes.

Which female organ has an endometrial lining that will support a developing baby? a. Labia minora b. Breasts c. Ovaries d. Uterus

d. Uterus

The process of gastrulation forms the _______. a. blastula b. zygote c. organs d. germ layers

d. germ layers

A pre-menopausal woman can become pregnant _______. a. anytime during her monthly menstrual cycle b. only during her menstrual flow c. if the pituitary is stopped from releasing hormones for ovulating d. only for about four or five days each month around the time of ovulation

d. only for about four or five days each month around the time of ovulation

Muscles store glucose in the form of _____. glycogen amino acids sucrose calgon

glycogen

Homeostasis is an organism's ability to: maintain a constant internal environment. interact with its specific environment. obtain energy from food. survive without water for long periods of time.

maintain a constant internal environment.

The buffering of blood by bicarbonate leads to the production of what two molecules? water and lactic acid carbon dioxide and oxygen oxygen and lactic acid water and carbon dioxide

water and carbon dioxide