Bio 5

Sugars are molecules that have ________ C:H:O and are called __________.

1:2:1 ratio of; carbohydrates

A peptide bond is __________.

A covalent bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide

The components of nucleic acids are ______.

A nitrogenous base, a pentode sugar, and a phosphate

Sickle-cell anemia is a disease that is caused by __________ in the __________ of the protein.

A single amino acid change; primary structure

Nitrogenous bases are classified as purines or pyrimidines. Examples of purines are ____________.

Adenine and guanine

Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of_____________.

Amino acid molecules

When comparing saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats, the unsaturated fats have _______ and are ______ at room temperature.

COD double bonds; liquids

Sugars have a(n) __________ group that interacts with a __________ Group that forms ring structures when the dry molecule is placed in water.

Carbonyl (-C=O); hydroxyl (-OH)

Which of the following is a polymer? Cellulose, a plant cell wall component. Fructose, a component of sucrose. Testosterone, a steroid hormone. Triacylglycerol, or fat. Glucose, and energy-rich molecule.

Cellulose, a plant cell wall component

Which type of protein shields a newly forming protein from cytoplasmic influences while it is folding into its functional form?

Chaperonins

At a conference, the speakers grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy ( like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _________.

Chitin

The molecule with four fused rights that is found in animal membranes and is the precursor of vertebrate sex hormones is _________________.

Cholesterol

He type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers( such as starch and protein) is a(n) _______.

Covalent

A shortage of phosphorus I'm the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture ______________.

DNA

In living organisms, DNA exists as a ________ with the strand(s) ___________

Double helix, running antiparallel

Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for _________.

Energy storage and release

A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is___________.

Glycogen

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by _______________.

Glycosidic linkages

The secondary structure of a peptide backbone is stabilized by ____________ forming either a(n) ___________ or a(n)____________.

Hydrogen bonds; a helix, b pleated sheet.

What is the term for compounds that do not mix with water?

Hydrophobic

The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules

Lipids

Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose.

Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze he cellulose to individual glucose units.

The proper three dimensional shape and folding of a protein is assisted by _______________.

Molecules called chaperonins

The tertiary structure of a protein includes all of the following interactions except _________ bonds

Peptide

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _________.

Phospholipids

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called the __________ structure of the protein.

Primary

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that ____________.

They all all disaccharides

Macromolecules, the molecules of life, include all the following except: Carbohydrates Nuclei acids Trace elements Proteins All listed are macromolecules

Trace elements

_________ is always involved in hydrolysis reactions.

Water

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, _________ is always formed as a by-product of the reaction.

Water.