Bio 7.3
the 3 main tertiary interactions are having a ——- —— with a —— —-, forming —— ——/ —- (meaning ———-), and the 3rd is having ——- ——
, hydrophobic core, hydrophillic outside, ionic interactions/bonds (plus-minus bonds), disulfide bridges
Tranacription is the process that——- ——,and the Ribosome is needed to provide the ———- allowing for ——- ——- ——- ——-, as well as to allow ——- —— —— reactions
, makes RNA's, environment, tRNA- mRNA base pairing, amino acid condensation reactions
the large subunit or the ribosome has _____ _____, being the __________ .
3 sites, EPA sites
eukaryote ribosomes are _______, prokaryotic ribosomes have _______
80s, 70s
a protein has a total of —— "———" , which explain the ——- of the ——— that are made to give a chain its ——- ——-
4 levels of structure, order, interactions, overall fold
the primary level of protein structure is the —— —— ——. (this just means the ——- of the —- —— when put together to make a ——- in ——-. in this first level, the —— —— link the —- —- together
amino acid sequence, order, amino acids, polypep, translation, peptide bonds, amino acids
when the —— —— bonds to the ——-, its put onto the ——- on the ——— —— ——. which always has the sequence ————-(?). however, the —— —— must first be ———- by ——-before it can ———-
amino acid, tRNa, OH, tRNAs 3' tail, 5'-CCA-3' , amino acid, phosphorylated, ATP, be added to tRNA
when going from RNA to polypeptide, you look at the ——— in ——- of ——. this is because they turn to ——-. therefore in order to go from RNA to polypep you need a ——- ——-. this thing shows the mRNA ——— ——/——- that corresponds to which——- ——- found on the ——- that binds ( these are abbreviated to. ——-)
bases, groups, 3, codons, codon chart, base triplets/codons, amino acid, tRNA, 3 letters
the tRNA's sole purpose is to _____ __- just ___ ____ --- into the _____, which ___ to the ____ ____. however, these tRNA's must first be _____ with their _____ type of ______. this is done using the _________
bring in, one amino acid, ribosome, adds to the growing polypeptide, charged, specific, amino acid, tRNA activating enzyme
when using the codon chart, if you are given an anti-sense strand of DNA, you use the ——- for the chart. if you are given the sense strand of DNA, use the —— ——, but with—— instead of ——. if you are given the mRNA, use the ——- —— for the chart. finally if you are given tRNA's anticodons, you use the ———- ——- for the chart. all of these rules are because a codon chart uses the ——- ———.
compliment, same sequence, U's, T's, same sequence, compliment, mRNA sequence
the tertiary level is the more ——- interactions between the —— ———. these groups were between the —— ——- on the —- ——-. this gives the —- —- of 1 —— ——. if the protein is ——- ——, then this is ——-.
distant, R groups, amino acids, same polypeptide, overall shape, polypeptide chain, 1 polypeptide, the final step
after this first one, both —— and —— will repeat until the ——- is finished. in termination, there is a —- —— found at the —— of the ———- ———. when the ——— hits this, a —— —— binds to the ——-. the ———- —— is then —- —- of the ——— that is in the —— —- and them the ———- is kicked off the ——-
elongation and translocation, polypeptide , stop codon, end, mRNA codons, ribosome, release factor, mRNA, polypeptide chain, kicked off, tRNA, P-Site, ribosome, mRNA
the E site of the ribosome is the place where the _______ ______ is ____- ( its considered ____ because the _____ ____ ____) then, the P site has the ___- holding __________, and the A site then _____ the ____ _____ with its ______. finall, then the ____ ____ has the job of ___ ____ the ____
empty tRNA is ejected, empty bc amino acid left, tRNA, whole polypeptide, accepts , new tRNA, single amino acid, small subunit, binding to the mRNA
in eukaryotes, proteins made in the —— —— —— found inside the ——-, will ——- —— — —. then, proteins that have to —— with a —— are made —— —— —-. this means it is made in the —— ——. the proteins from these —— ——. can be ——- from the ——, used —— the ——, or ——— into the ——-
free floating ribosomes, cytoplasm, stay in the cytoplasm, interact with a membrane, in a membrane, rough ER, bound ribosomes, secreted, cell, inside the organelle, implanted, membrane
the polypeptide chain isnt a —— —— yet, because it need to be ——- ——
functional protein, correctly folded
the four steps of tranlation are ———-, which is abbreviated (IETT)
initiation, elongation, translocation, and termination
in codon charts you read from—— to—- to ——
left top right
the secondary level of protein struc is the ——— ——- ——- formation. the term ——- means its bonds among ——— —— ——-, (making —- ——). these types of bonds dont involve the —— —- of the —— —-. they instead involve their ———(this refers to just their ——- and ——-) this type of bonds will form 2 types of —— —-. these are called ———- ——- and —— —— ——
local hydrogen bond, local, neighboring amino acids, local shapes, R group, amino acids, backbone, NH_3's and COOH's, repeating structures, Alpha helices, Beta pleated sheaths
once the ——— is made, it serves as ——— on what ——-to put the ——— ——- together to make a ———
mRNA, instructions, order, amino acids, polypeptide
the 3 types of nucleic acids in translation is __________
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
the summary versions: in initiation, the —— —— —— is formed. in elongation, ——- —— ——- is —— to the —— —-. in translocation, the ———- then ——— along the ——-. then in termination, the —— —- is complete, and both the ——- and ——- will ——-
mRNA-ribosome complex..., another amino acid, added, growing chain, ribosome, moves, mRNA, polypeptide chain, ribosome, polypeptide, dissociate
in transcription, mRNA contians the ____- made of _____. then, tRNA has the job of ________ just ____ ____ ____to the ______ _____. It also has the ______. finaly, the rRNA is simply a ___ ___ ____
message, codons, adding 1 amino to the growing chain, anticodon, component of ribosomes
in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are —— —— that attach to the same ——- to ——- it, mainly for ———
multiple ribosomes, ,mRNA, transcribe, efficiency
in elongation, a ——- and ——- ——-(holding —— —— —-) will bind to the —— ——- of the —— —-. then, the ———— that was attached to the —- found in the —— —— will then ——- and bind to the —— —- —- in the —- ——.(this means that the —— —— is elomgated)
new, charged tRNA, 1 amino acid, A Site, large subunit, polypeptide tRNA, P site, detach, single amino acid, A site, polypeptide chain
in eukaryotes, the presence of a ——- inherently—— the ——- from ——-. this means that the ——- is made and ——- inside the ——. then it —— to be ——-
nucleus, seperates, transcription, translation, mRNA, made and spliced, nucleus, leaves, transcribed
in Prokaryotes, there is no ——- present, so ——- will begin on a ——— ——- as it is —— ——
nucleus, translation, mRNA molecule, being transcribed
on the tertiary level the R groups can be ——, ——, be —— —-, —— ——, or have ——-
polar, non polar, fully charged, partially charged, sulfur
before translation, you must first _____ the ____.
prepare the tRNA's
the four levels of protein structure are ————
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
the quaternary structure is the whole —— —— from —— ——- that all—— ——. this level is only for —— that contain—— ——. this quatrenary group can include a non——- ——— called a —— —— to help ——- the —— —— (ie hemoglobin has ——). a —— +—— —- complex is called a ——- ——
protein complex, multiple polypeptides, fold together, proteins, multiple polypeptides, non amino acid group, prosthetic group, hold the structure together, iron, protein+ prosthetic group, conjugated protein
(ribosomes made of ____ and ____, no membrane meaning its not ______
rRNA, proteins, an organelle
ribosomes are composed of ____ and _____. this is divided into the ____ and ________ ____of these two, the ___ ____ contains the _____ ____
rRNA, proteins, large and small subunit, large subunit, EPA sites
when more than one ——- is present on the same ——-, its called a ——-
ribosome, mRNA, polysome
in initiation, the —— ——- of the ——- will ——- the mRNA until a ———-(—) is found. then, the first ——,(——), will bring in its ——- ——(—). this ——- will bind to the ——-, using ——- —— —— between the —— ——- and the ——- ——-. after this, the —— —- will then attach to the —— —— —— ——
small subunit, ribosome, scan, start codon (AUG), tRNA, UAC, amino acid,(Met), tRNA, mRNA, complimentary base pairing , tRNa anticodon, mRNA codon, large subunit, mRNA tRNA small subunit complex
in secondary level, the alpha helices are drawn as a ——-, and the beta pleated sheets are drawn as ——- —— with a —— —- connecting them (check ppr)
spiral, wide arrows, curved line
there are 64 varieties of _____which has _____ ____ ____ ____ that is ______ in the ______
tRNA, 1 specific amino acid, floating, cytoplasm
in translocation of translation, now that the —— in the —- —— is ——-, the —— will move toward the ——- of the ——. this means that translation happens in a ——- —- —- along the ——. then, the —- —— in the —- —— goes to the —- — and is then ——-. following this, the —— that has the ——- goes from the ——- to the———, which leaves the —- —- —— for a new —— —- to come in. (note that the polypeptide chain doesnt have a ——- direction)
tRNA, P site, empty, ribosome,, 3' end, mRNA, 5'-3' direction, mRNA, empty tRNA, P site, E site, rejected, tRNA, chain, A site, P site. A site open, charged tRNA, 5' to 3'
when going from DNA to RNA, you ——- the —— strand, forming an ——- ——-. when base pairing, in ——- there are no —- present, only ——. ie the —— —— strand of TACGATCTG would transcribe to
transcribe, top strand, RNA template, RNA, T's, U's, anti sense strand, A,U,GUAGAC
