Bio
Arrange the levels of biological organization according to size, from the smallest (at the top) to the largest (at the bottom).
1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Macromolecule 4. Cell 5. Tissue 6. Organ
List the levels of organization seen in living organisms, beginning with the smallest level at the top.
1. Organ 2. Organism 3. Population 4. Community 5. Ecosystem 6. Biosphere
Cystic fibrosis affects about 1 in every ______ Americans.
3,500
Life on Earth began as primitive cells about
3.5 billion years ago
How are new cells produced?
By the division of pre-existing cells
What is biological evolution?
Change in a population of organisms over time
What are emergent properties?
Characteristics that arise through interactions among smaller components in an organism
All living organisms contain genetic material that is composed of
DNA
Which of the following serves as the genetic material of all living things?
DNA
Genes govern the characteristics of an organism. Each gene is a short segment of a(n)
DNA molecule
True or false: Species that live today are related to organisms that lived in the past but not to other currently existing species.
False
Living cells and organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain stable internal conditions such as body temperature. This process is called
Homeostasis
What is a key feature of reproduction?
Offspring resemble their parents.
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?
Response to the environment Biological evolution Energy use and metabolism Growth and development Cell(s) and organization
What is taxonomy?
The classification and grouping of organisms
True or false: Evolutionary changes frequently involve the modification of pre-existing structures for a new function.
True
Eukarya
Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes
Bacteria
Unicellular prokaryotes found in many environments on Earth
Archaea
Unicellular prokaryotes that typically inhabit extreme environments, such as hot springs
How do new species evolve from pre-existing species in the mechanism known as vertical evolution?
Via accumulation of mutations
An enzymatic reaction takes place in the ______ of an enzyme:
active site
The smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element is the
atom
All matter is composed of
atoms
Molecules are formed by the bonding together of:
atoms
A scientific model is a depiction of a real-world phenomenon that may be
conceptual. mathematical. physical
When individual components in an organism interact with each other or the environment to create novel structures and functions, the resulting characteristics are called _____ properties.
emergent
The phenomenon of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation is known as biological
evolution
What characteristic of living organisms explains both the unity and diversity of modern species?
evolution
All species, both past and present, are related to one another through a(n) ______ history
evolutionary
A key aspect of biological studies is ______, which tests the validity of one or more hypotheses.
experimentation
One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features.
function
Segments of DNA that govern the characteristics of an organism are called
genes
If testing a real-world phenomenon is impractical, biologists may use a scientific ______ to test and convey that aspect of life.
model
Changes that occur as a result of evolution often involve the
modification of pre-existing structures for a new function
Atoms combine to form
molecules
Random changes in the genetic material of an organism are called
mutations
In the taxonomic hierarchy, classes are subdivided into ______, which are in turn subdivided into ______
orders, families
Fruit ripening is an example of a
positive feedback loop
The first living organisms on Earth were
primitive cells
A key feature of _____ is that offspring resemble their parents.
reproduction
Which process directly sustains life from one generation to the next?
reproduction
The purpose of the scientific method is to:
test hypotheses
Select characteristics shared by all living things.
the ability to respond to a stimulus the ability to maintain homeostasis genetic material composed of DNA the ability to interact with the environment
Both ______ seen among modern species are explained by biological evolution.
the unity and diversity
In order to survive, all living things must be able to interact with
their environment
Select all of the following that are symptoms of disease cystic fibrosis.
thick and sticky mucus malnutrition lung obstructions that lead to life-threatening infections liver damage