Bio

Arrange the levels of biological organization according to size, from the smallest (at the top) to the largest (at the bottom).

1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Macromolecule 4. Cell 5. Tissue 6. Organ

List the levels of organization seen in living organisms, beginning with the smallest level at the top.

1. Organ 2. Organism 3. Population 4. Community 5. Ecosystem 6. Biosphere

Cystic fibrosis affects about 1 in every ______ Americans.

3,500

Life on Earth began as primitive cells about

3.5 billion years ago

How are new cells produced?

By the division of pre-existing cells

What is biological evolution?

Change in a population of organisms over time

What are emergent properties?

Characteristics that arise through interactions among smaller components in an organism

All living organisms contain genetic material that is composed of

DNA

Which of the following serves as the genetic material of all living things?

DNA

Genes govern the characteristics of an organism. Each gene is a short segment of a(n)

DNA molecule

True or false: Species that live today are related to organisms that lived in the past but not to other currently existing species.

False

Living cells and organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain stable internal conditions such as body temperature. This process is called

Homeostasis

What is a key feature of reproduction?

Offspring resemble their parents.

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things?

Response to the environment Biological evolution Energy use and metabolism Growth and development Cell(s) and organization

What is taxonomy?

The classification and grouping of organisms

True or false: Evolutionary changes frequently involve the modification of pre-existing structures for a new function.

True

Eukarya

Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes

Bacteria

Unicellular prokaryotes found in many environments on Earth

Archaea

Unicellular prokaryotes that typically inhabit extreme environments, such as hot springs

How do new species evolve from pre-existing species in the mechanism known as vertical evolution?

Via accumulation of mutations

An enzymatic reaction takes place in the ______ of an enzyme:

active site

The smallest unit of an element that has the chemical properties of the element is the

atom

All matter is composed of

atoms

Molecules are formed by the bonding together of:

atoms

A scientific model is a depiction of a real-world phenomenon that may be

conceptual. mathematical. physical

When individual components in an organism interact with each other or the environment to create novel structures and functions, the resulting characteristics are called _____ properties.

emergent

The phenomenon of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation is known as biological

evolution

What characteristic of living organisms explains both the unity and diversity of modern species?

evolution

All species, both past and present, are related to one another through a(n) ______ history

evolutionary

A key aspect of biological studies is ______, which tests the validity of one or more hypotheses.

experimentation

One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features.

function

Segments of DNA that govern the characteristics of an organism are called

genes

If testing a real-world phenomenon is impractical, biologists may use a scientific ______ to test and convey that aspect of life.

model

Changes that occur as a result of evolution often involve the

modification of pre-existing structures for a new function

Atoms combine to form

molecules

Random changes in the genetic material of an organism are called

mutations

In the taxonomic hierarchy, classes are subdivided into ______, which are in turn subdivided into ______

orders, families

Fruit ripening is an example of a

positive feedback loop

The first living organisms on Earth were

primitive cells

A key feature of _____ is that offspring resemble their parents.

reproduction

Which process directly sustains life from one generation to the next?

reproduction

The purpose of the scientific method is to:

test hypotheses

Select characteristics shared by all living things.

the ability to respond to a stimulus the ability to maintain homeostasis genetic material composed of DNA the ability to interact with the environment

Both ______ seen among modern species are explained by biological evolution.

the unity and diversity

In order to survive, all living things must be able to interact with

their environment

Select all of the following that are symptoms of disease cystic fibrosis.

thick and sticky mucus malnutrition lung obstructions that lead to life-threatening infections liver damage