BIO CHAP 4
1 meter = _____ centimeters.
100 cm
A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. When this volume is broken into many smaller cells, that are 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, the sum of the surface areas of the smaller cells is _____ than the surface area of the initial cell.
60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... larger
How are cell surface proteins exported out of the cell?
The protein is folded, then packaged for transport to the Golgi apparatus.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an organelle found within an animal cell?
cell wall
The function of the chloroplast is to _____.
convert light energy to chemical energy
The contractile vacuole __________.
eliminates excess water from the cytoplasm of freshwater protists
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and NOT in most plant cells?
lysosome
The protein actin is a component of a(n) __________.
microfilament
The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the __________.
nuclear envelope
To enter or leave any cell, substances must pass through _____.
the plasma membrane
If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?
transmission electron microscope
Which microscope would be best suited to the measurement of the internal structures of a bacterial cell?
transmission electron microscope
Which of the following structures is essential for the successful operation of the endomembrane system?
transport vesicles
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
Drag the labels onto the flowchart to trace the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.
Rough ER> Vesicle from ER>Golgi apparatus>Vesicle from Golgi>Plasma Membrane
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
They are constructed of interrelated membranes.
Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.
Plant cell wall - strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils Central vacuole - regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds Chloroplast - makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy Mitochondrion - converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell Golgi apparatus - modifies and packages proteins
Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?
The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.
Which of the following are stored in the lysosomes of the cell?
digestive enzymes
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism?
increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity
The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.
its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they _____.
lack a nucleus
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of _____.
microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments
You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.
plant
Chloroplasts are found in __________.
plant cells and some protists
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?
presence of a cell wall
Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesizing receptor proteins
The term resolving power refers to _____.
the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate
Can you match the structures with their descriptions? Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
1. DNA is the self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms; it is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information. 2. RNA is used in all steps of protein synthesis and carries the genetic information of many viruses. 3. The nucleus is the most prominent membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it houses most of a cell's DNA. 4. The nuclear envelope is the two-layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm. 5. A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is called a nuclear pore. 6. The round body that sits inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA is known as the nucleolus. 7. Chromosomes are tightly coiled bundles of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells.
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?
embedded in the thylakoid membrane