Bio Chapter 2
phospholipids
Cell membranes are characterized by the presence of
solute
a mix of glucose and water is called a
because oxygen pulls the shared electrons a bit more than either hydrogen
a water molecule is polar
an attractive force that involves a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that are either in two different molecules or within the same molecule.
A hydrogen bond is
monomers
A larger biological molecule is composed of smaller units called
solute
A substance that is dissolved by a liquid is called a
ionic bond
A(n) ____ is a type of chemical bond in which a strong mutual attraction forms between ions of opposite charge.
hydrogen ions
Acids are substances that dissolve in water to release:
is electrically neutral
An atom
ion
An atom that carries a charge is called a(n)
8
Atoms react with one another in order to achieve ____ electrons in their outer shell.
the actions of enzymes
Condensation and hydrolysis are accomplished in cells by
covalent bonds ionic bonds polar bonds non-polar bonds
Electrons are shared in bonds called
protons
For a given element, all atoms of that element have the same number of
~ring forms. ~structurally different. ~monosaccharides. ~simple sugars.
Glucose and fructose are
repelled by
Hydrophobic molecules are ____ water.
nonpolar covalent
In ____ bonds, atoms share electrons equally.
cohesion
____ is the tendency of water molecules to stay attached to one another.
nucleic acids
Nucleotides are monomers of
5 carbon
Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars?
starch
Plants store their excess carbohydrates in the form of
~structural units. ~ hormones. ~storage molecules. ~transport molecules.
Proteins may function as
ionic
The bond in table salt (NaCl) is
hydrolysis
The breakdown of large molecules by the enzymatic addition of water is an example of what kind of reaction?
the electron.
The negative subatomic particle is
the neutron
The neutral subatomic particle is
protons and neutrons
The nucleus of an atom is constituted of
the proton.
The positive subatomic particle is
~A molecule may contain atoms of more than one element. ~ Chemical bonds hold atoms together in a molecule. ~Molecules form compounds.
These are all True
have fewer hydrogens than saturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fatty acids
covalent bonding in the molecule
Water in known as a polar molecule due to the
protons; neutrons; electrons
____, ____, and ____ are subatomic particles.
atom
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element?
peptide
What kind of bond exists between two amino acids in a protein?
hydrogen
Which chemical bonds are found between water molecules?
starch: riboses
Which molecule is INCORRECTLY matched with its component parts?
~sterols ~triglycerides ~oils ~waxes
Which of the following are lipids?
amino acids
Which of the following is a monomer of protein?
heat pH detergents
Which of the following parameters could affect the shape of a protein?
hydrogen ions
Which of the following represents H+?
deoxyribose
Which of the following sugars is found in DNA and NOT in RNA?
ribose
Which of the following sugars is found in RNA and NOT in DNA?
cohesion
Which property of water molecules is responsible for movement of water from roots to leaves in a plant?
hydrogen
____ bonds hold molecules of DNA in their characteristic shape.
Radioactive isotopes
have an excess number of neutrons.
electrons
in an atom, ____ spin around the nucleus.
carbohydrates
which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?
